Farmers of forty centuries; or, Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan . he planting here, as elsewhere, is in rows, but not of one kindof grain. Most frec^uently two rows of maize, kaoliang or milletalternated with the soy beans, and usually not more than 28 inchesapart. Such planting secures the requisite sunshine with a largernumber of plants on the field; it secures a continuous general THE GREAT WALL S07 distribution of the roots of the nitrogen-fixing soy beans in thesoil of the whole field every season, and permits the soil to bemore continuously and more completely laid under
Farmers of forty centuries; or, Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan . he planting here, as elsewhere, is in rows, but not of one kindof grain. Most frec^uently two rows of maize, kaoliang or milletalternated with the soy beans, and usually not more than 28 inchesapart. Such planting secures the requisite sunshine with a largernumber of plants on the field; it secures a continuous general THE GREAT WALL S07 distribution of the roots of the nitrogen-fixing soy beans in thesoil of the whole field every season, and permits the soil to bemore continuously and more completely laid under tribute bythe root systems. In places where the stand of corn or milletwas too open the gaps were filled with the soy beans. Such asystem of planting possibly permits a more immediate utilizationof the nitrogen gathered from the soil air in the root nodules, asthese die and undergo nitrification during the same season, whilethe crops are yet on the ground, and so far as phosphorus andpotassium compounds are liberated by this decay, they too wouldbecome available for the Fig. 182. - Exportation of soy beans from Manchuria. Lwanchow, Chihli. The end of the days journey was at Shanhaikwan on theboundary between Chihli and Manchuria, the train stopping for the night. Stepping upon the veranda from ourroom on the second floor of a Japanese inn in the early morning,there stood before us, sullen and grey, the eastern terminus ofthe Great Wall, which winds 1,500 miles westward across twentydegrees of longitude, and has endured through twenty-one cen-turies. It is the most stupendous piece of construction ever con-ceived by man and executed by a nation. More than 20 feetthick at the base and more than 12 feet on the top; rising 15 to 30feet above the ground with parapets along both faces, and towersevery 200 yards rising 20 feet higher, it must have been - having 308 MANCHURIA AND KOREA in view the times and the methods of warfare then practised -when defended by the
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