. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 1 . Fig. 24. NATURAL KE(iEXERAT10N OF OAK A large mother tree with its off-spring. I 23 forests, and applicable to the forests which are managed for the pro- duction of wood. In some cases it is advisable to begin with natural regeneration and then fill in artifically all places which are not stocked with trees. Fig. 25. NATITRAL REGENERATION OF THE FOREST An opening being filled in by n dense growth of White Pine, Tulip, and Hemlock seedlings, from seed scattered by bordering large trees THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOR
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 1 . Fig. 24. NATURAL KE(iEXERAT10N OF OAK A large mother tree with its off-spring. I 23 forests, and applicable to the forests which are managed for the pro- duction of wood. In some cases it is advisable to begin with natural regeneration and then fill in artifically all places which are not stocked with trees. Fig. 25. NATITRAL REGENERATION OF THE FOREST An opening being filled in by n dense growth of White Pine, Tulip, and Hemlock seedlings, from seed scattered by bordering large trees THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST The raising of some farm crops and the raising of a wood crop have many points in common. A farmer after planting his field to corn in spring does not leave it to nature to develop and mature, but he cultivates it and sometimes even cuts out undesirable sprouts called suckers, knowing that careful tending will result in a larger yield. Likewise the forester is not satisfied in establishing a forest but he also aims to develop or tend it so that it will yield a large and valuable crop. The method of developing a forest depends upon the nature of the forest and the desire of the owner. The forest may have been es- tablished by nature and even partly developed by it or it may have been established by man. The forests established and developed by nature without the aid of man are usually in a rather unsanitary, unattractive, unproductive, and unregulated condition. Under such conditions it is necessary for man to transform these into forests which are clean, attractive, productive, and which show evidence of proper regulation on every hand. The forests which man establishes usually start out with 2,000 to 20,000 or even 50,000 seedlings to the acre, depending upon the meth- od of establishment. If artificial methods of regeneration are used about 2,500 seedlings per acre are required but where natural regen- eration is used one may find 20,000 or even 100,000 seedlings per acre
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