. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 270 Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. 158, No. 5 of Liolaemus also occur in the southern Andes and the southern Chilean coast, geographic components also unknown in Sibynomorphus. Depending on how the phylogenetic re- lationships among the northern and south- ern species of Sibynomorphus and the spe- cies of Dipsas are ultimately resolved, the area cladogram for Sibynomorphus could resemble any of the examples in Figure 45 or more complex geographic relationships. For example, three possible resolu
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 270 Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. 158, No. 5 of Liolaemus also occur in the southern Andes and the southern Chilean coast, geographic components also unknown in Sibynomorphus. Depending on how the phylogenetic re- lationships among the northern and south- ern species of Sibynomorphus and the spe- cies of Dipsas are ultimately resolved, the area cladogram for Sibynomorphus could resemble any of the examples in Figure 45 or more complex geographic relationships. For example, three possible resolutions of the area cladogram for Sibynomorphus are shown in Figure 46, in which dashed lines to the geographic component "Amazonia" represent as yet undemonstrated relation- ships of the northern (western Ecuador/ Peru; Fig. 46A) or southern (austral South America) species of Sibynomorphus (Fig. 46B). The former resolution is compatible with the area cladogram for Ceratophrys (Fig. 45B), and the latter is compatible with the area cladogram for Microlophus (Fig. 45D). Many more complex resolutions are possible, of which the example in Figure 46C is but one example (, the northern and southern species of Sibynomorphus are each independently related to different spe- cies groups of Amazonian Dipsas). The ex- ample in Figure 46C would imply that Si- bynomorphus as it is currently known is polyphyletic. The possibilities outlined in Figure 46 are speculative, but they indicate ways in which some outstanding phylogenetic and biogeographic enigmas concerning Siby- nomorphus might ultimately be resolved. Figure 46 also provides guidelines for con- structing any rigorous test for relationships between Sibynomorphus or any of its geo- graphic components and other Dipsadini. At the least, northern and southern species of Sibynomorphus must be included in analyses, preferably with a broad taxonom- ic and geographic representation of South American species of Dipsas as well. Un
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