Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory . ),S. Arbuscula (p. 280), and S. herbacea (p. 281), in whichthe stipules are also frequently obsolete. S. nigricans (p. 292), and S. phylicifolia (p. 293) arealso occasionally devoid of evident stipules.] (b) Leaves entire, at most faintly sinuate, or withmicroscopic serratulse. ?or (ii) (i) Leaves distichous on the lateral long shoots, broad oval: venation strict-pinnate. Fagus sylvatica, L. Beech (Fig. 108). Large treewith smooth trunk and glossy foliage, giving very deepshade. Leaf 4—9 x 3—6 cm. (3—15 x 2-5—10 cm.), el
Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory . ),S. Arbuscula (p. 280), and S. herbacea (p. 281), in whichthe stipules are also frequently obsolete. S. nigricans (p. 292), and S. phylicifolia (p. 293) arealso occasionally devoid of evident stipules.] (b) Leaves entire, at most faintly sinuate, or withmicroscopic serratulse. ?or (ii) (i) Leaves distichous on the lateral long shoots, broad oval: venation strict-pinnate. Fagus sylvatica, L. Beech (Fig. 108). Large treewith smooth trunk and glossy foliage, giving very deepshade. Leaf 4—9 x 3—6 cm. (3—15 x 2-5—10 cm.), ellip-tic, ovate, or oblong-ovate; acute, sinuate or faintly sinuate-dentate along the upper two-thirds, base slightly taperingor rounded. Thin and hard, sub-coriaceous, glabrous, cleardark green and glossy above, a little paler and silky BEECH 285 beneath and on the veins, and ciliate, especially whenyoung. Venation somewhat prominent beneath; plaitedparallel to the veins and with silky white hairs on theveins and in angles. Petiole short, 5—15 mm., Fig. 108. Beech, Fagus sylvatica, p. 284 (Ett). Stipules thin and scarious, lanceolate, deciduous. Autumnleaves russet brown or fawn: young leaves olive and russetbrowns. Venation strict-pinnate; the midrib strong to themiddle, the secondaries sharp, alternate, running straightto the margins and ending there, but the lower in divergentlines and may tend to loop slightly and their attenuated 286 BEECH : OSIER ends to branch close within the margin. Angles about35—45°. Tertiaries not looped beneath the slightly un-dulating margin. Each pair of secondaries distant about| of the length of the midrib, the lowest much shorterthan those in the middle of the leaf, and devoid ofprominent outer veins, and curved outwards. Secondarysegments narrow, the middle nearly linear. Tertiaries atrather acute angles from outside the secondaries, at rightangles or slightly obtuse inside : the axial ones chieflyslightly acute, all
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