. Radium . n exposing- clearly the carcinoma, espe-cially its base. Snaring off pedunculated growth preparatory toburying radium emanation tubes in its base. the bladder. We have in many cases comjjared the findings on open-ing the bladder with the results shown by cystogram, and find in mostcases they prett\- accurately If a tumor is pedunculated itspedicle is not shown by cystogram. Secondary Vrcthral Tumors—\\t have seen a good many cases ofurethral tumors either accompanying or following bladder tumors. Ithink we often overlook these small urethral tumors having our eyeon the
. Radium . n exposing- clearly the carcinoma, espe-cially its base. Snaring off pedunculated growth preparatory toburying radium emanation tubes in its base. the bladder. We have in many cases comjjared the findings on open-ing the bladder with the results shown by cystogram, and find in mostcases they prett\- accurately If a tumor is pedunculated itspedicle is not shown by cystogram. Secondary Vrcthral Tumors—\\t have seen a good many cases ofurethral tumors either accompanying or following bladder tumors. Ithink we often overlook these small urethral tumors having our eyeon the major condition. Whether these are real implantations from thebladder or a retrograde lymphatic invasion I hesitate to say. Most of Radium 9 these urethral implants are of the same structure as the bladder tumor,although I have lately seen a small soft urethral tumor in a patient mwhom I had removed an indurated carcinoma from his bladder. I thinkit safe to consider them as malignant as the bladder Fig. 7.—Bladder retractors used in the operative method ofburying radium emanation tubes. Indications for Radium.—i. Local Removal from Bladders: Ifthe tumor is confined to the bladder it may be suitable for removal byradium. We have removed from the bladder (for various periods of 10 I^ADIUM time) all kinds of carcinomata, vis., infiltrating, indurated, extensive,highly malignant.* This naturally does not mean that we have beenuniformly successful; far from it. Different tumors react difterently toradivmi. 2. Haemafuria.—Radium fairly consistently controls hemorrhage,and may be used for this even if the tumor has gone beyond the bladder. 3. Retarding the Growth of Tumor.—The question is often asked,Even if there is no hope of cure, will not radium retard the tumorgrowth so a patient may live longer and more comfortably? Undoubt-edly this is true now and again. The cases in which radium does thisare so few, however, the failures so many that I believe it unwise to g
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