. Anatomy of the cat. Cats; Mammals. THE yERTEDR/iL COLUMN. 15 Tlie attached margin of each is about two-thirds the length of the thinner free margin. The somewhat thicker caudal end of the transverse process projects further caudad than any other part of the vertebra and is separated by a slight notch from the caudal articular facet. From the bottom of this notch the foramen transversarium extends craniad and opens at the middle of the ventral face of the transverse process. Epistropheus or Axis (Fig. lo, 2; Fig. 13).—The second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis) is not so wide as the a
. Anatomy of the cat. Cats; Mammals. THE yERTEDR/iL COLUMN. 15 Tlie attached margin of each is about two-thirds the length of the thinner free margin. The somewhat thicker caudal end of the transverse process projects further caudad than any other part of the vertebra and is separated by a slight notch from the caudal articular facet. From the bottom of this notch the foramen transversarium extends craniad and opens at the middle of the ventral face of the transverse process. Epistropheus or Axis (Fig. lo, 2; Fig. 13).—The second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis) is not so wide as the atlas but is much longer. Craniad the centrum is continued into a slender conical, toothlike projec- tion, the dens or odontoid process (Fig. 13, a) which represents the centrum of the atlas. The dens is smooth below for articulation with the ventral arch of the atlas. It is rougher above. Taterad of '*^^**''=pf the dens the centrum bears a pair of large Ym. 13.—Axis or Epis- cranial articular facets (b) which look tropheus, Side View. , , _^, , 1 ,1 r ^1 odontoid process or craniolaterad. Ihese have each the form dens; b, cranial articular of a right-angled triangle with rounded f^^^^^: ^' spinous process; . a, caudal articular facet; angles, one side of the triangle being c, transverse process; /, nearly horizontal. Each is separated from ^"'??'^'"^" transversarium. the articular face of the dens by a roughened groove. The spinous process (r) runs the length of the vertebral arch. It extends craniad of the vertebral arch nearly as far as the dens, as a flat rounded projection. Caudad of the vertebral arch it projects for a short distance as a stout triangular spine. The caudal articular facets (d) are borne on thickenings of the caudolateral portions of the arch; they face almost directly ventrad. The transverse process (r) is slender and triangular and directed nearly caudad. Its apex reaches no farther than the caudal or articular face of the centrum. Its
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