. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. st struggle in both patient and in earlier man is thrustover upon animals, which also represent gods, forming partially a sym-bolic form of gratification, partially a sublimation on an earlier planeof civilization. Animals were also used more directly to gratify andform a partial discharge of the eroticism and aggressive curiosity boundup with the incest problem. Sadism, self distrust and self depreciationare likewise symbolized. Suggestion is made by the writers of the con-tribution to the knowledge of unconscious thought content by the studyof the


. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. st struggle in both patient and in earlier man is thrustover upon animals, which also represent gods, forming partially a sym-bolic form of gratification, partially a sublimation on an earlier planeof civilization. Animals were also used more directly to gratify andform a partial discharge of the eroticism and aggressive curiosity boundup with the incest problem. Sadism, self distrust and self depreciationare likewise symbolized. Suggestion is made by the writers of the con-tribution to the knowledge of unconscious thought content by the studyof the animal role in psychotic manifestations and in superstitions con-cerning psychotic conditions. Such a role in the psychoses and psycho-neuroses aids in interpretation of many phobias and in view of the analy-ses under discussion these show themselves as fundamentally sexual andincestuous. Attention is also called to the fact that these same features,the use and symbolism of animal forms, lie in the path of gradual cul-ture and JAMES JACKSON PUTNAM ©bituaries DR. JAMES JACKSON PUTNAM Dr. Putnam died November 4, 1918, of angina pectoris, with a smile,shaking hands with a friend. This was symbolic of his life. The friendwas also his physician, again symbolic, because, whether he was help-ing, or being helped. Dr. Putnams relation to the whole world wasfriendly. I say the last act of his life was symbolic because it epi-tomizes his spirit. Did he know he was dying? Undoubtedly he was in deep under such conditions could he permit, even, anyone being sent foron his own private or personal account. Rather, it was his habit and hiscustom, to respond to others calls for help. Even in extremes, hethought of his friend, his physician, and true to type, his spirit immor-talized itself in a final friendly handshake and a smile. Universal was the feeling of Dr. Putnams friendly humility. A manof immense attainments and widest vision yet he sought never to impose


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectpsychologypathologic