A practical handbook on the distillation of alcohol from farm products, including the processes of malting : mashing and mascerating : fermenting and distilling alcohol from grain, beets, potatoes, molasses, etc., with chapters of alcoholometry and the denaturing of alcohol ... . by the hydrometer; these tablesare invariably sold with the instrument. Theyare also constructed to show the number of degreesover- or under-proof, corresponding to the hydro-metric degrees. Other tables are obtainable whichgive the specific gravity corresponding to thesenumbers. The measurement of the percentage of a
A practical handbook on the distillation of alcohol from farm products, including the processes of malting : mashing and mascerating : fermenting and distilling alcohol from grain, beets, potatoes, molasses, etc., with chapters of alcoholometry and the denaturing of alcohol ... . by the hydrometer; these tablesare invariably sold with the instrument. Theyare also constructed to show the number of degreesover- or under-proof, corresponding to the hydro-metric degrees. Other tables are obtainable whichgive the specific gravity corresponding to thesenumbers. The measurement of the percentage of absolutealcohol in spirituous liquors is almost invariablyexpressed in volume rather than weight, owing tothe fact that such liquors are always sold byvolume. Nevertheless, the tables referred to aboveshow the percentage of spirit both by volume andweight. In the United States the standard liquor, knownas proof spirit, contains per cent, by weightand per cent, by volume, of absolute alcohol;it has a specific gravity of .9186 at 60°F. A proofgallon contains by measurement 100 parts of alcohol 176 DISTILLATION OF ALCOHOL. and parts of water. The strength andtherefore the value of spirituous liquors is esti-tni\ € d according to the quantity by volume of an-. PiG. 52,—Sjrkes Hydrometer. hydrous spirit contained in the liquor with refer-ence to this standard. Thus the expression 20per cent, overproof, 20 per cent, underproof,means that the liquor contain 20 volumes of watej ALCOHOLOMETRY, 177 for every IOC v^olumes over or under this fixedquantity, and that in order to reduce the spiritto proof, 20 per cent, of water by volume, mustbe subtracted or added, as the case may be. Anyhydrometer constructed for the measurement ofliquids of less density than water may be known as Sykes is most commonly usedfor alcoholometric purposes. It is shown in Fig. 52and consists of a spherical brass ball A, to whichis fixed two stems; the upper one B is also ofbrass,
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishernewyorksponchamber
