. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. Figure 32. — A young, even-aged Tsuga heterophylla stand typical of the dense, productive forests found in the Picea sitckensis Zone. Figure 33. —Polystichum munitum and Oxalis ore- gana dominate the understory of this Picea sitchensis stand; note the "prop" roots of the Picea which has devel- oped on a rotting log (Neskowin Crest Research Natural Area, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon).. and Pinus contorta is common along the ocean. Sequoia sempervirens, Umbellularia californica, and Cham
. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. Figure 32. — A young, even-aged Tsuga heterophylla stand typical of the dense, productive forests found in the Picea sitckensis Zone. Figure 33. —Polystichum munitum and Oxalis ore- gana dominate the understory of this Picea sitchensis stand; note the "prop" roots of the Picea which has devel- oped on a rotting log (Neskowin Crest Research Natural Area, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon).. and Pinus contorta is common along the ocean. Sequoia sempervirens, Umbellularia californica, and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana are found in this zone in southwestern Oregon. Mature forests have lush understories with dense growths of shrubs, dicotyledonous herbs, ferns, and cryptogams (fig. 33). On sites modal in environmental conditions, Poly- stichum munitum, Oxalis oregana, Maian- themum bifolium var. kamschaticum, Montia sibirica, Tiarella trifoliata, Viola sempervirens, V. glabella, Disporum smithii, Vaccinium par- vifolium, and Menziesia ferruginea are com- mon understory species. On less favorable sites, , old sand dunes and steep slopes fac- ing the ocean, dense understories dominated by ericads such as Gaultheria shallon, Rhodo- dendron macrophy Hum, and Vaccinium ovatum are common. Wetter forested sites also have dense understories where Oplopanax horridum, Athyrium filix-femina, Struthiop- teris spicant, Dryopteris dilatata, Sambucus racemosa var. melanocarpa, etc., are typical along with the "modal" site species men- tioned earlier. Cryptogams are extremely abundant and varied in the Picea sitchensis Zone —the so- called Olympic rain forest, noted for its mosses and liverworts (Sharpe 1956: Coleman et al. 1956: Harthill 1964), lies within this zone (fig. 34). Some common ground crypto- gams are E urhy nchium oreganum, Hylo- comium splendons, Hypnum circinale, Rhy- tidiadelphus loreus, Mnium menziesii, and M. insigne. Isothecium spiculiferum, Ptilidiu
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