Handbook of medical entomology . 131. Anopheles punctipennis. Female, (X4). After Howard. People hastily shifted their course at the sight of a hearse comingtoward them. Many never walked on the footpath, but went intothe middle of the streets to avoid being infected by passing by houseswherein people had died. Acquaintances and friends avoided eachother in the streets and only signified their regard by a cold old custom of shaking hands fell into such disuse that manyshrunk back with affright at even the offer of the hand. A person Mosquitoes and Yellow Fever 199 with a crape, or any
Handbook of medical entomology . 131. Anopheles punctipennis. Female, (X4). After Howard. People hastily shifted their course at the sight of a hearse comingtoward them. Many never walked on the footpath, but went intothe middle of the streets to avoid being infected by passing by houseswherein people had died. Acquaintances and friends avoided eachother in the streets and only signified their regard by a cold old custom of shaking hands fell into such disuse that manyshrunk back with affright at even the offer of the hand. A person Mosquitoes and Yellow Fever 199 with a crape, or any ai^pearance of mourning was shunned 1 ke aviper. And many valued themselves highly on the skill and addresswith which they got to the windward of every person they , it is not v^robable that London, at the last stage of the plague,exhibited stronger marks of terror than were to be seen in Phila-. 132. Anopheles crucians. Female (x4). After Howard. delphia from the 24th or 25th of August until pretty late in Septem-ber. Such was the condition in Philadelphia in 1793 and, as far asmethods of control of the disease were concerned, there was practi-cally no advance during the last century. The dominant theorywas that yellow fever was spread by fomites, that is, exposed bedding,clothing, baggage, and the like. As late as 1898 a bulletin of theUnited States Marine Hospital Service stated: 200 Arthropods as Hosts of Pathogenic Protozoa While yellow fever is a communicable disease, it is not con-tagious in the ordinary acceptance of the term, but is spread by theinfection of places and articles of bedding, clothing, and furniture. Based upon this theory, houses, baggage, freight, even mail,were disinfected, and the most rigid quarantine regulations wereenforced. The hardships to which people of the stricken regionswere subjected and the financial losses are incalculable. And withal,th
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