. Travels in Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark; illustrated with charts and engravings. ith the Buchanans and Chi-nere. TN the 14th century, the Venetians and Ge-?^ noefe drew, by means of the Cafpian, throughAftracan to their fettlemcnts at Azof * and Caffa,tlie Indian, Perlian, and Arabian merchandize,with which they furniilied the fouth of noithcrn part of this continent was fup-phed Hkewife, through Aftracan, Avith Afiaticgoods, by the Ruffian merchants of Ladogaon the Volkof, who fent them to their principalftorehoufe at Wifby, a Hanfcatic town in the Ifleof Gothland. The dcv
. Travels in Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark; illustrated with charts and engravings. ith the Buchanans and Chi-nere. TN the 14th century, the Venetians and Ge-?^ noefe drew, by means of the Cafpian, throughAftracan to their fettlemcnts at Azof * and Caffa,tlie Indian, Perlian, and Arabian merchandize,with which they furniilied the fouth of noithcrn part of this continent was fup-phed Hkewife, through Aftracan, Avith Afiaticgoods, by the Ruffian merchants of Ladogaon the Volkof, who fent them to their principalftorehoufe at Wifby, a Hanfcatic town in the Ifleof Gothland. The dcvaftation occafioncd by theAvars of , at the end of the I4tli cen-tury, turned this trade fiom Aftracan to Smyrnaand Aleppo. The commerce of Arabia, morecommodious for thofe ports, never returned to * See Guldenftaedts Treatife Von den Hafen am, CafpiVchenMeere, in Journ. St. Pet. for 1777. The Indian goods were brought, for the moll part, througli Per-Ca, acrofsthc Cafpian to AUracan, from thence up the Volga, thenby land to the Don, and dow^n that river to Azof. Aftracan;. ^i^H^/LU^^rti>^hii^^S4t^^**f*r*tft^l^^rrit^hyU^.t,K^i <!. 4. CCWJIERCE OF Tftf. CASPTAN. S19 Aftracan ; but pai-t of tlic PeiHan traffic. wa:i af^terMards reftored to its old clianiicl. While the provinces of Cafah and Aftraeanwere under the government of Tartars, the^mp, or head-quarters of the khan, was a martfor the Ruffian and Perfian merchants-. But3s,-^according to the cuflomof the roving Tar-tars, it ^<as• frequently changed, Aftracan andTerki^becameat length rvfo principal places ofrcfort. Thistbmmerce, impeded and frequentlyniternipt-ed • iy the numerous banditti, Mas pre-cario^s ; untiPthe conqueft of Gafaii and Aftirl-1^ ^oj^i^ne^l a ^ready ^ tioniWtAiicatioii b^t\\cenfMofcow and tlie Cafpian Sea; Ivan Vaffilicvitclitl. having- gff/ri!^edl\ft/ic^ti\vitil troops-, ren-dered it the c^ief emporrum of the eaftern tradeJ-l^s <!onqifl?ft Ijcing completed in 1554, foortafte
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