The dyeing of textile fabrics . not iri-ational. The sulphated-oil pix)cess is compaiatively sonew, that numerous slight modifications of the processas here given are natui^Uy tried and adopted byvarious dyers, and to some of these reference will now bemade. The sulphated - oil used is invariably carefullyneutralised, either with caustic soda or ammonia. As arule, ammonia is prefeiTed, since even the addition of aiiexcess of ammonia would have little or no injuriousefiect, owing to its volatility ; and further, the ammoniacompound of sulphated-oil is more readily decomposed onsteaming than the
The dyeing of textile fabrics . not iri-ational. The sulphated-oil pix)cess is compaiatively sonew, that numerous slight modifications of the processas here given are natui^Uy tried and adopted byvarious dyers, and to some of these reference will now bemade. The sulphated - oil used is invariably carefullyneutralised, either with caustic soda or ammonia. As arule, ammonia is prefeiTed, since even the addition of aiiexcess of ammonia would have little or no injuriousefiect, owing to its volatility ; and further, the ammoniacompound of sulphated-oil is more readily decomposed onsteaming than the sodium compound, and a more com-plete fixing of the oil results. Either sulphated castoroil or olive oil may I e used. Very good results are evenobtained bj* the simple use of a carefully made castor oilsoap, which, being excessively soluble, and giving thinsolutions, is well fitted to impregnate the fibre thoroughly. In the preparing process, the cotton does not at-tract or fix any of the oiL It simply absorbs a definite 445. bo 446 DYEING OP TEXTILE FABRICS. lChiLY>. XX. amount of the solution, and supposing sulphated oliveoil to have been used, the prepared cotton containsthe sodium or ammonium compounds of oxyoleic acidand of the glycerine-sulphuric-ethers of oxyoleic andoxystearic acids, these being its constituent is very important to know the exact percentage ofsulphated-oil contained in the solution, since it is thiswhich determines the amount of oil and alumina ulti-mately fixed on the cotton, and consequently the beauty,brilliancy, and fastness of the colour. According to Liechti and Suida, the action of theJirst steaming process is, to decompose the ammoniumor sodium compounds of the ether constituent of sul-phated-oil into ammonium or sodium sulphate, glycerine,oxyoleic and oxystearic or trioxyoleic acid, according asolive or castor oil has been employed. The other con-stituent (oxyoleic or trioxyoleic acid) remains the same time the ste
Size: 1217px × 2054px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectdyesanddyeing, bookye
