The orchestra and its instruments . orchestra akin to,but different from, that of the horns. The new instru- 1 Now played on the double-bassoon. Ii8 THE ORCHESTRA AND ITS INSTRUMENTS ments were to be (and actually were) modified particular they were to be strong and contrastwith the trombones and trumpets and were to have aneven compass of about four octaves. Wagners ideawas to write eight horn parts and so arrange the partsfor his new instruments that four of his horn-playerscould be turned over at any time to play them. The instruments were to have a bore slightly largerthan that of
The orchestra and its instruments . orchestra akin to,but different from, that of the horns. The new instru- 1 Now played on the double-bassoon. Ii8 THE ORCHESTRA AND ITS INSTRUMENTS ments were to be (and actually were) modified particular they were to be strong and contrastwith the trombones and trumpets and were to have aneven compass of about four octaves. Wagners ideawas to write eight horn parts and so arrange the partsfor his new instruments that four of his horn-playerscould be turned over at any time to play them. The instruments were to have a bore slightly largerthan that of the horns, but much less than that of thetubas. The instruments were to be arranged in twopairs — a small high-pitched pair and a large low-pitched pair. They are all modified horns, but Wagnercalled them tenor-tuben and bass-tuben. This groupof the so-called Wagner tubas is made up of two dis-tinct types of instruments — a quartet of two highand two low modified horns and one true tuba. This is the bass tuba described BASS TUBA, SYMPHONY SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Luca Del Negro CHAPTER VII PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS The kettledrums; the side-drum; the bass drum; the triangle; the cymbals;the tambourine; the tambourin; the castanets; the carillon, or glockenspiel; thecelesta; the xylophone^ the wind-machine; the rattle; the anvils; the cuckoo; thebells. HERE are two kinds of percussion instru-ments: those which produce musical notes;and those which only make noise. These instruments have neither strings, nor holes,nor keys. They are simply beaten, or shaken. In his definition of percussion instruments Gevaertsubdivides them into two groups: Autophonic Instru-ments, and Membrane Instruments. Autophonic In-struments are those in which the tone is produced bythe vibration of solid bodies (made of metal or wood),and which are of a nature sufficiently elastic to keepup the vibratory motion that has been given to them bythe blow from the performer. These include instru-ments of de
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