. Travels in North America, in the years 1841-2; with geological observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. ththe primeval f)rest, and manufacturing industry in itsinfancy, when the full value of this inexhaustiblesupjtly of ch-aj) fuel can be appreciated ; but thercisources which it will one day atiord to a regioncap able, by its agricultural produce alone, of support-ing a hirge population, are truly magniticent. Inorder to estimate the natural advantages of such aregion, we must rellect how three great navigablerivers, such as the Monongnhela, Alleghany, andOhio, intersect
. Travels in North America, in the years 1841-2; with geological observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. ththe primeval f)rest, and manufacturing industry in itsinfancy, when the full value of this inexhaustiblesupjtly of ch-aj) fuel can be appreciated ; but thercisources which it will one day atiord to a regioncap able, by its agricultural produce alone, of support-ing a hirge population, are truly magniticent. Inorder to estimate the natural advantages of such aregion, we must rellect how three great navigablerivers, such as the Monongnhela, Alleghany, andOhio, intersect it, and lay open on their banks thelevel scams of coal. I found at Brownsville a bedten feet thick of good bituminous coal, commonlycalhd the Pittsburg seam, brenking out in the rivercliffs near the waters cdf;c. I made a hasty sketchof its appearanee from the bridge, looking down theriver, in which the reader will see (a, PI. VI.) , ten feet thick, ovcred by car!)onaceous shale (/)),and this a;:ain by micaceous sandstone(r). Horizon-tal gall(.*rics may be driven everywhere at very slight To face Vol. IT. p. Chap. XV. OHIO COAL-FICLD. 25 expense, and so worked as to drain themselves, wliilethe cars, laden with coal and attached to each other,glide down, as shown in the plate, on a railway, soas to deliver their burden into baro^es moored to therivers bank. The same seam is seen at a distance,on the right bank (at a), and may be followed thewhole way to Pittsburg, fifty miles distant. As it isnearly horizontal, while the river descends it cropsout at a continually increasing, but never at an incon-venient, height above the Monongahela. Below thegreat bed of coal at Brownsville is a fire-clay eight-een inches thick, and, below this, several beds oflimestone, below which again are other seams. Ihave also shown in my sketch another layer of work-able coal (at d, d), which breaks out on the slope ofthe hills at a greater height. Almost every proprie-tor can open a coal-p
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