Graded calisthenic and dumb bell drills . on. (d) Projection and Retraction. Chin is kept at same levelthroughout. (See Fig. 23.) 3. Of Upper L imbs. — (a) Arm Circles. (i) Forward and Backward, or front and back about hori-zontal axis in antero-posterior plane, clock as in similarbody circles. (2) Right and Left, about antero-posterior axis in lateralplane, clock as in similar body circles. (3) Great Circles, arms move up in antero-posterior plane(sides to vertical), down to sides in lateral plane. Alsovice versa. (b) Rotation, about the bones as axes. The whole limb, orthe forearm along, may
Graded calisthenic and dumb bell drills . on. (d) Projection and Retraction. Chin is kept at same levelthroughout. (See Fig. 23.) 3. Of Upper L imbs. — (a) Arm Circles. (i) Forward and Backward, or front and back about hori-zontal axis in antero-posterior plane, clock as in similarbody circles. (2) Right and Left, about antero-posterior axis in lateralplane, clock as in similar body circles. (3) Great Circles, arms move up in antero-posterior plane(sides to vertical), down to sides in lateral plane. Alsovice versa. (b) Rotation, about the bones as axes. The whole limb, orthe forearm along, may be rotated. (c) Flexion, complete bending at elbow, wrist or fingerjoints. Forearm, hands or fingers may be flexed. (i) Arms down, forearms may be flexed forward or side-ward. (See Fig. 24.) (2) Arms at side horizontal, forearms may be flexed forward,downward and upward. (3) Arms at front horizontal, forearms may be flexed inward(right to left and vice versa) and upward. (4) Arms at vertical, forearms may be flexed backward Spaldings Athletic Libraiy. 31 (d) Artn Swings, movements of whole limb from shoulder,through fraction of a circle. (i) Foi^ward—Up, from sides to front horizontal or vertical,and front horizontal to vertical. (See Fig. 2>Z) (2) Sideways—Up from sides to side horizontal or vertical,and side horizontal to vertical. (See Fig. 34.) (3) Forward—Down, reverse of Forward—Up. (4) Sideways—Down, reverse of Sideways—Up. (5) Back, from sides backward in antero-posterior plane,about one-eighth circle, and in horizontal plane from frontto side horizontal. (See Fig. 35.) (6) Front, from side horizontal to front horizontal. (e) Shoulder Rotation, rotary movement of scapulae, armsdown at sides, front horizontal, side horizontal or vertical. (f) Ar^n Circumduction (Shoulder Circles, from the shoul-der as a centre, about either axis, describing circles of anydiameter indicated. Of Lower Limbs. (a) Charge, movement to position described in II., i
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