. The geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, or the plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and their allies . As. Soc. p. 265 (1849).Himantopus minor, Natterer, fide Hartlaub, Journ Orn. 1860, p. albus, Ellmun, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7470. Himantopus europeeus, Sander, fide Gray, Hand-list of Birds, iii. p. 47 (1871).Himantopus autumnalis {Hasselquist), apud Gray, Holdsworth, Legge, Heuglin, Walden,Gurney, &c. Literature. Plates.—Dresser, Birds of Europe, vii. pis. 535, 536. Habits.—Seebobm, British Birds, iii. p. —Seebohm, British Birds, pi. 24. figs. 4, 6. Specificch
. The geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, or the plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and their allies . As. Soc. p. 265 (1849).Himantopus minor, Natterer, fide Hartlaub, Journ Orn. 1860, p. albus, Ellmun, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7470. Himantopus europeeus, Sander, fide Gray, Hand-list of Birds, iii. p. 47 (1871).Himantopus autumnalis {Hasselquist), apud Gray, Holdsworth, Legge, Heuglin, Walden,Gurney, &c. Literature. Plates.—Dresser, Birds of Europe, vii. pis. 535, 536. Habits.—Seebobm, British Birds, iii. p. —Seebohm, British Birds, pi. 24. figs. 4, 6. Specificcharacters. Geographi-cal distribu-tion. The Common Stilt, when in fully adult male plumage, may be recognized by its pure■white head and neck. Less mature birds have black on the back of the neck, extending overthe crown, but not reaching the mantle. Young in first plumage have the black replacedby brown, which is mottled with buff. The Common Stilt is most abundant during the breeding-season in India and Ceylon,where its numbers are increased during winter. Further east it is found during the cold. H. mdanopterus. II audiivas. II. avocetta. season in Burma; and stragglers have occurred in New Zealand, Timor, Borneo, CochinChina, the Philippine Islands, and North China. West of India it is a regular summervisitor to Afghanistan, Turkestan, North Persia, Palestine, Asia Minor, to the salt lakes ofthe Kalmnk and Kirghis steppes, the lagoons on the shores of the Black Sea, the delta HIMANTOPUS. 279 of the Rhone, and the niarismas of Southern Spain and Portugal. It is an accidentalstraggler on migration to the rest of Europe as far north as the Baltic. It is a residentin many parts of Africa, where its numbers are largely increased during winter, and ithas been found in the Canary Islands. It is said to be common and to breed on thecoast of Madagascar; and eggs collected by Mr. Kotze on the Berg River are in theCape Town Museum.
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