Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . and manufactures were extending, and the universitieswere being founded. It would be absurd to suppose that with-out the Crusades this progress would not have taken we may conclude that the distant expeditions and the con-tact with strange and more highly civilized peoples did no morethan hasten the improvement which was already perceptiblebefore Urban made his ever-memorable address at Clermont. QUESTIONS Section 33. What led to the Crusades. Des
Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . and manufactures were extending, and the universitieswere being founded. It would be absurd to suppose that with-out the Crusades this progress would not have taken we may conclude that the distant expeditions and the con-tact with strange and more highly civilized peoples did no morethan hasten the improvement which was already perceptiblebefore Urban made his ever-memorable address at Clermont. QUESTIONS Section 33. What led to the Crusades. Describe Urbans was the character of Peter the Hermits expedition ? Section 34. Who were the leaders of the First Crusade?Describe the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders. Section 35. Who were the Hospitalers? What was the orderof the Temple and what became of the Templars ? Section 36. What was the Second Crusade? Give some par-ticulars in regard to the Third Crusade and its leaders. Section 37. Give as complete an account as you can of the chiefresults of the Crusades. Orientalluxury intro-duced intoEurope products CHAPTER X THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH AT ITS HEIGHT Organization and Powers of the Church 38. In the preceding pages it has been necessary to refer(constantly to the Church and the clergy. Indeed, without themmedieval history would become almost a blank, for the Churchwas incomparably the most important institution of the time,and its officers were the soul of nearly every great have already learned something of the rise of the Churchand of its head, the pope, as well as the mgde of life and thework of the monks as they spread over Europe. We havealso watched the long struggle between the emperors andthe popes in which the emperors were finally worsted. Wemust now consider the Medieval Church as a completed insti-tution at the height of its power in the twelfth and thirteenthcenturies. i8i I82 Medieval and Modem Times Ways inwhich theMedieva
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