. The American educator; completely remodelled and rewritten from original text of the New practical reference library, with new plans and additional material. bly only the CongressionalLibrary at Washington excels it. The cityhas sixteen parks, aggregating 500 Federal government has appropriated$550,000 for a new postoflfice building. There is considerable manufacturing; theproducts of greatest note are carriages, farmimplements, dynamos, gas engines, machinetools and art glass. Population, 1910, 25,-531; in 1917, 31,315 (Federal estimate). ADONNA, a tenn nowcommonly used in all lan
. The American educator; completely remodelled and rewritten from original text of the New practical reference library, with new plans and additional material. bly only the CongressionalLibrary at Washington excels it. The cityhas sixteen parks, aggregating 500 Federal government has appropriated$550,000 for a new postoflfice building. There is considerable manufacturing; theproducts of greatest note are carriages, farmimplements, dynamos, gas engines, machinetools and art glass. Population, 1910, 25,-531; in 1917, 31,315 (Federal estimate). ADONNA, a tenn nowcommonly used in all lan-guages to refer to theVirgin in works of was not until after a. , when the Councilof Ephesus declared theVirgin Mary to be theMother of God, that shewas frequently represent-ed in art, but after thattime the number of paint-ings increased rapidly. Inearly art she was painted with a robe ofblue, starred or marked with gold and usu-ally draped over her head. Bjzantine modelswere followed up to the thirteenth century,when the revival of painting in Italy broughtmore natural and beautiful forms. FraFilippo Lippi was the first to portray the in-. MADONNA 2215 MADRAS carnation of maternal love and childish inno-cence. Botticellis two best productions rep-resent the Virgin crowned and adored bydreamy angels. Only two of Leonardo daVincis Madonnas remain, both of which arecharming representations. The Umbrianpainters left striking and beautiful picturesof the Madonna, one of the best of which isthe Madonna Enthroned, by Dosso Dossi,now in the Cathedral at Ferrara. Of Vene-tian i^ainters, Giovanni Bellini and Titianstand out most prominently, and TitiansPesaro Madanna in the Church of Frari,Venice, is the most celebrated. Of all theItalian painters of Madonnas, Raphael wasthe greatest. In his early period his themewas Mary the mother, while later he repre-sented her as queen of heaven. Of his fiftyor more excellent Madonnas, the most cele-brated are the Madonna of the Chair
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Keywords: ., bookauthorhughesja, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1919
