Brooklyn Museum Quarterly . eselatter cases the same arrangement generally holds for theouter walls. A distaste for parallel lines appears in all theseinstances and it is remarkable what large variation in meas-urement of the width between the arcades or between thewalls at the two ends of a church, are invisible even afterthe facts have been measured and realized. Constructive curves and bends in elevation appear to berather uncommon in medieval work, probably because similarbut much more varied results were more easily obtained bydeflections in plan. Gallery bends in elevation are found inXo


Brooklyn Museum Quarterly . eselatter cases the same arrangement generally holds for theouter walls. A distaste for parallel lines appears in all theseinstances and it is remarkable what large variation in meas-urement of the width between the arcades or between thewalls at the two ends of a church, are invisible even afterthe facts have been measured and realized. Constructive curves and bends in elevation appear to berather uncommon in medieval work, probably because similarbut much more varied results were more easily obtained bydeflections in plan. Gallery bends in elevation are found inXotre-Dame and in the Pisa Cathedral, but curves and bends 11 See The Architectural Exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in the Amer-ican Architect. Aug. 4, 1909. Note especially the captions of the illustrationsand notes on the illustrations at the close of that article. See also Figs. 7, 8, 9in this article and the notes on illustrations at its close for those figures. 12 Plan in American Architect for Aug. V, 1909, p. 42. 233. Fig. 8. S. Nicola, Bari. The nave, looking toward the choir. Showingthe optical effect of obliquities in plan above the level of the eye. BrooklynMuseum photograph, 1895. See notes on the illustrations at the close ofthe article. in plan are much more frequent in the same in elevation are found in the Pisa Cathedral and inSt. Marks at Venice. As regards vertical lines in interiors the Middle Agewas addicted to lines of curvature or to bends which havethe effect of curvature. Wherever vertical curvature is con-structed it must either occur as a bulge or else it must be ob-tained by a slight outward slope. This latter method was the 234 one adopted, and for obvious reasons, as an inward bulgingvertical curve is clumsy and has an effect of weakness. Thesame considerations which led the Greeks to avoid a bulgingentasis are at stake. The vista in a church nave which em-ploys vertical curvature is therefore very aptly to be com-pared to the vist


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