Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] XXXII. THE SKELETON General Structure and Uses of the Skeleton. — First, bones form a framework to which muscles are attached; thus they are used as levers for purposes of movement. Second, they give protection to delicate organs; they form a case around the brain, and spinal cord; as ribs they protect the or- gans in the body cav- ity. Third, they give rigidity and form to the body. Laboratory Work on the Skeleton of a Frog; Compar
Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] XXXII. THE SKELETON General Structure and Uses of the Skeleton. — First, bones form a framework to which muscles are attached; thus they are used as levers for purposes of movement. Second, they give protection to delicate organs; they form a case around the brain, and spinal cord; as ribs they protect the or- gans in the body cav- ity. Third, they give rigidity and form to the body. Laboratory Work on the Skeleton of a Frog; Comparison with the Skel- eton of Man. — For this purpose, clean skeletons of the frog (these may be prepared by careful students) and a prepared skeleton of man may be used. This exercise may be made of increased value by using skeletons of several different ver- tebrates, for example, a bony fish, frog, snake, bird, dog or cat, and rnan. The different re- gions may be identified and homologies and analogies drawn between dif- ferent bones and organs in the various skeletons. The skeleton of vertebrate animals consists of two distinct regions: a vertebral column or backbone which, with the skull, forms the axial skeleton; and the parts attached to this main axis, the appendicular skeleton (the appendages). All skeletons of vertebrates have the same general regions, the size and shape of the bones in these regions differing somewhat in each kind of animal. In the axial skeleton of the frog, as well as in man, the vertebral column is made up of a number of bones of irregular shape, which fit more or less closely into each other. These bones are called vertebrw. Notice that the 371 Skeleton of the frog; S., skull; SC, scapula; , radio ulna; H., humerus; Ph., phalanges; MC, metacarpals; C, carpals; V., vertebral column; UR., urostyle; , pelvic girdle; F., femur; TF., tibia and fibula; TS., tarsals; MT., metatarsals.
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