. Bulletin. Science. Figure 9.âHenry's "telegraph" signal of 1831-1832. From Animal Report of the Smith- sonian Institution . . Jor the Year Eroding June jjo, 1857, 1858, p. 105, fig. 7. During the 1830"s a number of inventors rec- ognized the possibility that a binary code might reduce the number of wires necessary to transmit electrical telegraphs. Much earlier Schweigger '^ had suggested that modifying Soemmerring's system by the use of a binary code could eliminate many of the wires required in the Soemmerring device, but the first to attempt to put a binary code into prac-
. Bulletin. Science. Figure 9.âHenry's "telegraph" signal of 1831-1832. From Animal Report of the Smith- sonian Institution . . Jor the Year Eroding June jjo, 1857, 1858, p. 105, fig. 7. During the 1830"s a number of inventors rec- ognized the possibility that a binary code might reduce the number of wires necessary to transmit electrical telegraphs. Much earlier Schweigger '^ had suggested that modifying Soemmerring's system by the use of a binary code could eliminate many of the wires required in the Soemmerring device, but the first to attempt to put a binary code into prac- tice in an electromagnetic signaling system were two German physicistsâCarl F. Gauss and his assistant, Wilhelm Weber.^^ Gauss and Weber also understood how to transmit signals over distances of a mile or so. It was while Gauss was studying the magnetism of the earth that he found that some of the equipment employed in his research could also be used for a telegraph. Gauss had shown an interest in tele- graphs before this; he was one of the many visitors who, during the 1810"s, had stopped in Munich to see Soemmerring's apparatus, and in the early 1820's he had invented a heliograph, or optical telegraph, that used a binary code. '2 J. S. Schweigger, "Uber Sommerring's elektrischen Tele- grapher!, Ill: Nachschreiben des Herausgeber's," Schweig- gei's Journal, 1811, vol. 2, pp. 238-247. 13 C. F. Gauss, Werke, Berlin, 1929, vol. 11, Abt. 2, Abh. 2, passim; Ernst Feyerabend, Der Telegraph von Gauss und Weber im Werden der elektrischen Telegraphie, Berlin, 1933. It should be noted that in describing the Gauss and Weber telegraph, this work uses units of the local German foot. Gauss had begun his observations on the earth's magnetism with equipment that he set up in the Gottingen astronomical observatory in 1832. Early in 1833 Gauss and Weber converted one of their instruments into a needle galvanometer so that they could test the validity of Ohm's work on circuits.
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