. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. Fig. 1.—"hyoid' BONE OP ADVLT Southoi FOWL. (After W. K. Parfrer.) i i • ii irti comtc-hyais; iM) are extremely plentiful m the ™B«"i'hran?hVi?u''or Ncw World, aiid are distri- ge^iierfmm'tlie TiiyrS buted all over Africa, Europe, and Asia, but are not found in the Australian region, no Woodpecker occurring beyond the Island of Celebes in the Moluccas. One great peculiarity in the anatomy of the Woodpeckers is the structure of the tongue, and its relation to the hyoid bone and its horns, or cornua. (For a description of
. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. Fig. 1.—"hyoid' BONE OP ADVLT Southoi FOWL. (After W. K. Parfrer.) i i • ii irti comtc-hyais; iM) are extremely plentiful m the ™B«"i'hran?hVi?u''or Ncw World, aiid are distri- ge^iierfmm'tlie TiiyrS buted all over Africa, Europe, and Asia, but are not found in the Australian region, no Woodpecker occurring beyond the Island of Celebes in the Moluccas. One great peculiarity in the anatomy of the Woodpeckers is the structure of the tongue, and its relation to the hyoid bone and its horns, or cornua. (For a description of this part in the Mammalia, see Vol. I., p. 168.) In Birds the hyoid bone is a much more complex structure than in the Mammalia. Besides foi-ming the basis of the otherwise mainly muscular substance of the tongue, it is continued backwards in most birds as a double chain of bones, each pair of which bears a separate name significant of its'"' poile nj i importance ; and the whole is apparently quite ^""-''^ distinct from the skull above and from the larynx below. Its composition in the common fowl is best rendered intelligible by reference to tlie accompanying woodcut (Fig. 1). It represents the entire hyoid apparatus divested of all muscular and other surroimding tissues. The upper part of the figure is that nearest to the tip of the tongue, and the references to the lettering become clear in the course of the subsequent description. Another woodcut (Fig. 2) shows a side view of a dissection of the head of the common Green Wood- Fig-. 2.—SIDE VIEW OF DISSECTION OF HEAD OF COMMON GKEEN WOODPECKER. {Ha\f natural she. After Macailld-rai/.) 1 Lower M!iinin>les : (fl Barlii'd Tip of Tongue ; Musele i ; () Right Salivary lilaod; (: ) Trachea; (r.)«.l Reti'actor Musclei KigliC Oriti f Tongue -v lies of Neck >l (Esnnbagu * yfi, earth, anil ku'sm, I shake; t The classical Greek name, tto iiling like the le, hence the verb liiia, I cry out
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjecta, booksubjectanimals
