. General surgical pathology and therapeutics, in fifty lectures : a textbook for students and physicians. ery slowly, and the newly-formed cells go on to a ratherhigher grade of histological development than in the above-describedforms of inflammation (Fig. 98); the intercellular substance does notsoften, as in inflammations generally, but breaks up into filaments;this is a characteristic peculiarity of the disease, but there are alsovarious others. The rough cartilage does not resist the friction of thearticular surfaces, but is gradually rubbed through, and is worn downto the bone. Immediat
. General surgical pathology and therapeutics, in fifty lectures : a textbook for students and physicians. ery slowly, and the newly-formed cells go on to a ratherhigher grade of histological development than in the above-describedforms of inflammation (Fig. 98); the intercellular substance does notsoften, as in inflammations generally, but breaks up into filaments;this is a characteristic peculiarity of the disease, but there are alsovarious others. The rough cartilage does not resist the friction of thearticular surfaces, but is gradually rubbed through, and is worn downto the bone. Immediately under the cartilage there is always a layer, even if itbe very thin, of compact bony substance; lying next to this are the ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS. 503 spongy ends of the epiphyses; after the cartilage is destroyed thefriction affects this layer, and, as a result of the mechanical irritation,new bony substance is formed in this layer; under the point of irrita-tion the medulla of the spongy substance ossifies to a slight adjacent bones are gradually ground off by the motions in the Fig. Degeneration of the cartilage in arthritis deformans: a, fatty defeneration of the cartilage-cells. Magnified 350 diameters, after 0. Weber. joint, but, as the friction constantly causes the formation of new bone,the part ground off usually remains firm and smooth, as the hard-ening always precedes the atrophy from friction ; hence, if the jointremain movable, a considerable portion of the bone may be worn off,and the defective articular surface of the bone may still remain the hip, these ground surfaces are at the upper surface of the headof the femur, and in the acetabulum; in the knee, they are on thecondyles, etc. In these changes the neck of the femur may be cov-ered with osteophytes in some places, while induration goes on at thesmooth surfaces. The neck of the femur may be surrounded by osteo-phytes, and thus acquire a characteristic shape. This will sometimes 50
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