. Animal communities in temperate America : as illustrated in the Chicago region; a study in animal ecology. Animal ecology; Zoology -- Illinois Chicago. 232 DRY AND MESOPHYTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES sure on the back of the neck. In this state it can be handled as if dead, laid in any position, or tied into a knot. The only movement it persists in making is that of turning its ventral side uppermost. Ant-lions (Fig. 203) are very rarely found at the south end of Lake Michigan, except in the oak belt. They make cylindrical conical pits in the sand (177, 179). The most characteristic species under t
. Animal communities in temperate America : as illustrated in the Chicago region; a study in animal ecology. Animal ecology; Zoology -- Illinois Chicago. 232 DRY AND MESOPHYTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES sure on the back of the neck. In this state it can be handled as if dead, laid in any position, or tied into a knot. The only movement it persists in making is that of turning its ventral side uppermost. Ant-lions (Fig. 203) are very rarely found at the south end of Lake Michigan, except in the oak belt. They make cylindrical conical pits in the sand (177, 179). The most characteristic species under the bark of fallen oaks is the flatbug (Fig. 209). b) The field stratum.—This stratum is dominated by many flowering plants, such as Monarda, etc. The addition of a host of insects and spiders not present in the earlier conditions is noticeable. Of the grass- hoppers we add six species (Scudderia texensis, Xiphidium strictum, Chloealtis conspersa, Schistocerca rubiginosa, Oecanthus Jasciatus, and Conocephalus ensiger) (40). The andrenid bees (Agapostemon splendens) and various robber-flies are numerous. On the Monarda the honey-bees, bee-flies (Fig. 210), bum- blebees, and spiders {Mis- times sus asperatus [Figs. 207,208], Dictynafoliacea, Agriope trifasciata, and Epeira sp.) are common. The blueberry is com- monly one of the small herbs of the field stratum and upon it we find several characteristic galls. c) Shrub stratum.—This stratum is made up of the choke-cherry, young oaks, rose, etc. The shrub which has been given most attention is the choke-cherry. On this the lacebugs (Fig. 211) are often numerous; the puss caterpillar (Cerura sp.) (163) sometimes occurs. This cater- pillar has a pair of long projections at the posterior end. When disturbed it extends and waves these projections and thus makes of itself one of the most fantastic of our caterpillars. Grapevines are not uncommon on the dunes and we often find a curious red petiole gall on them, which is not common el
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