. The Turk and the land of Haig; or, Turkey and Armenia: descriptive, historical, and picturesque . e directingofficer is aided in his administration by appropriate aidsand by an Administrative Council, a permanent organi-zation. We may the better comprehend the position ofall these officers if, on the basis of the feudal system,we conceive of each as holding a fief of responsibil-ity, for which he is directly accountable to the one nexthigher in rank. The vali has direct control over sub-governors andall the employees of the vilayet. Invested with sucha power, should his tendencies be for cor
. The Turk and the land of Haig; or, Turkey and Armenia: descriptive, historical, and picturesque . e directingofficer is aided in his administration by appropriate aidsand by an Administrative Council, a permanent organi-zation. We may the better comprehend the position ofall these officers if, on the basis of the feudal system,we conceive of each as holding a fief of responsibil-ity, for which he is directly accountable to the one nexthigher in rank. The vali has direct control over sub-governors andall the employees of the vilayet. Invested with sucha power, should his tendencies be for corruption andevil, as they generally are, he has the best opportunityand the most unlimited power to gratify them, for hehas the entire official body of the vilayet under hiscontrol; and if a sub-governor has the courage to op-pose him, it is so much the worse for the is this the entire extent of the valis jurisdictionand influence. He has the general oversight and man-agement of all the taxes and revenues, and is also thecommander of the military forces of the vilayet. And f?^f!. 292 THE TURK AND THE LAND OF HAIG. with such unlimited- authority, he can generally influ-ence the courts of justice as he chooses. The supreme head of the empire, the Sultan, whomoves the machinery of the administration as the viceregent of God upon earth and as the Caliph, or suc-cessor of Mohammed, has an authority unknown else-where in the world. To recount his powers would bea hopeless task. He is omnipotent, and all things pro-ceed from and revert directly or indirectly to his sover-eign will. His word is absolute for life or death. Afew restraints have been forced upon him from time totime, but even these are more fictitious than real. Thepeople at large have no choice as to their ruler, for theoffice is hereditary, and the succession belongs to theoldest male relative, not to the eldest son, as mightnaturally be presumed. The executive and legislativeauthority, under the supreme
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