Productive farming . rham, (2) Hereford, (3) Aberdeen Angus,and (4) Galloway. Shorthorns originated in northeastern England and werefirst introduced into America in 1783. They are now verypopular cattle. In their general type most of the familiesof the breed conform closely to the beef type (Fig. 162);but that branch known as the Bates family of Shorthornsare so much inclined toward the dairy type as to be classedas general-purpose animals. The name was given them17 258 PRODUCTIVE FARMING because of their short horns in contrast with the long-hornedcattle of England. The names Durham, Teeswate
Productive farming . rham, (2) Hereford, (3) Aberdeen Angus,and (4) Galloway. Shorthorns originated in northeastern England and werefirst introduced into America in 1783. They are now verypopular cattle. In their general type most of the familiesof the breed conform closely to the beef type (Fig. 162);but that branch known as the Bates family of Shorthornsare so much inclined toward the dairy type as to be classedas general-purpose animals. The name was given them17 258 PRODUCTIVE FARMING because of their short horns in contrast with the long-hornedcattle of England. The names Durham, Teeswater, andHolderness were local names given them in those localitieswhere they were bred. The Polled Durhams are a hornless branch or family ofthe Shorthorn breed; the term polled means hornless character is their only difference from theShorthorns. Cows of the breed weigh 1400 pounds or colors vary much more than in any of the other breedsof cattle. The prevailing colors are red, white, and Fig. 162.—Beef type of shortfiorn, white and roan. (An. I.) Herefords (Fig. 163) originated in Herefordshire, Eng-land, and were first brought to this country by Henry Clayin 1817. The breed is old and well established. In colorthese cattle are red with white faces and some white markingsalong the back, under line and sometimes on the feet andtail. The Herefords (pronounced Her-fords) are shorterlegged, more blocky and a little heavier than the are well suited to grazing and fatten easily on thegrassy plains of the West. There they have been extensivelymixed with the native cattle, the grade Herefords makinggood beef cattle. As already mentioned in another chapter, there is now CATTLE 259 a branch of this breed -nithout horns, the Polled hornless character in cattle is always to be desired:there is then no necessity for dehorning. Horned cattleoften do each other, or their keepers, considerable harm,in the feed-lot or cattle car. Ab
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