. Our domestic animals, their habits, intelligence and usefulness;. .vska Ranch THE HORSE 157 social relations, is, it is true, esteemed almosteverywhere at his true worth as a domesticanimal ; and \et he still comes too often incontact with that instrument of temper andtyranny, the .chip. It is remarkable that inlands where the horse lives nearest to hismaster, in close companionship and hourlyservice, the use of whip and spur, sometimes of bit and saddle, is unknown. The nearer wecome to civilized nations the more we find achange. It is in the centers of civilization, inthe great cities of E
. Our domestic animals, their habits, intelligence and usefulness;. .vska Ranch THE HORSE 157 social relations, is, it is true, esteemed almosteverywhere at his true worth as a domesticanimal ; and \et he still comes too often incontact with that instrument of temper andtyranny, the .chip. It is remarkable that inlands where the horse lives nearest to hismaster, in close companionship and hourlyservice, the use of whip and spur, sometimes of bit and saddle, is unknown. The nearer wecome to civilized nations the more we find achange. It is in the centers of civilization, inthe great cities of Europe and America, thatwe see drivers of drays and cabs lashing theirwear\, worn-out, or overloaded horses. Tliisilomcstic animal, at least, deserves bettertreatment. IV THE ASS AND THE MULE The ass is closely related to the horse, as itis easy to see by comparing their skeletons,between which there is no essential dental system is also precisely the the living animals, as they appear toour eyes, the differences are very perceptible,. The Wild Ass although they can scarcely be very deep inview of the fact that fruitful mating is possiblebetween horse and ass. The most salient differences are in the sizeof the body, the length of the ears, the hairsof the tail and mane, the situation of thehorny excrescences on the fore and hind legs(probably the rudimentary remains of sabots,with which they may have some relation, theancestors of the equine race not having alwaysbeen solipedous), and finally the voice. Asses are generally much smaller than head is heavy, the lips thick, the ears long,the tail, which is usually not covered with longhair, has a tuft at the end like that of cattle ;the hair of the body has a more or less markedtendency to be striped, and the bray is easily distinguished from the neigh of the horse. I. The Wild AssThe wild ass must be re-garded as the ancestor of thedomestic ass of Europe. Heinhabits, in great droves, cen-tr
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