. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. SURFACES OF BONES 37 The nonarticular depressions are also of very variable form, and are descril)eil as fossae, grooves, furrows, fissures, notches, sulci, etc. These nonarticular emi- nences and depressions serve to increase the extent of surface for the attachment of ligaments and muscles, and are usually well marked in proportion to the muscularity of the subject; the grooves, fissures, and notches often transmit vessels and FtG. 2.—Diagram of the structure of compact bone. A small part of a transverse section of the shaft of a long bon
. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. SURFACES OF BONES 37 The nonarticular depressions are also of very variable form, and are descril)eil as fossae, grooves, furrows, fissures, notches, sulci, etc. These nonarticular emi- nences and depressions serve to increase the extent of surface for the attachment of ligaments and muscles, and are usually well marked in proportion to the muscularity of the subject; the grooves, fissures, and notches often transmit vessels and FtG. 2.—Diagram of the structure of compact bone. A small part of a transverse section of the shaft of a long bone is shown. At the uppermost part is the periosteum covering the outside of the bone; at the lowermost part is the endosteum lining the marrow cavity. Between these is the compact tissue, consisting largely of a series of Haversian systems, each being circular in outline and perforated by a central canal. In the first one is shown only the area occupied by a system; in the second is seen the concentric arrangement of the lamellae; and in the others, respectively, canaliculi; lacuna?; lacunee and canaliculi; the contents of the canal, artery, vein, lymphatic and areolar tissue; lamellae, lacunse, and canaliculi; and, finally, all of the structures composing a complete system. Between the systems are circumferential and intermediate lamellfe, only a few of which are represented as lodging lacunse, though it is to be understood that the lacunie are in all parts. The periosteum is seen to be made up of a fibrous layer and a vascular layer, and to have upon its attached surface a stratum of cells. From the fibrous layer project inward the rivet-like fibres of Sharpey. (F. H. Gerrish.) A prominent process projecting from the surface of a bone which it has never been separate from or movable upon is termed an apophysis (from anotlnjae:;, an excrescence); but if such process is developed as a separate piece from the rest of the bone, to which it is afterward joined, it is termed an e
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