. Wildlife and range research needs in northern Mexico and southwestern United States : workshop proceedings, April 20-24, 1981, Rio Rico, Arizona. Wildlife management Southwestern States Congresses; Wildlife management Mexico Congresses. On the extensive areas of Pleistocene or more recent mixed alluvium of alluvial fans, pediments, stream terraces, and valley floors the soils re- flect the complex depositional and erosional his- tory of these land forms. Soil development is usually highly correlated with age and stability of the geomorphic surface. In general the red col- or, clay content, t
. Wildlife and range research needs in northern Mexico and southwestern United States : workshop proceedings, April 20-24, 1981, Rio Rico, Arizona. Wildlife management Southwestern States Congresses; Wildlife management Mexico Congresses. On the extensive areas of Pleistocene or more recent mixed alluvium of alluvial fans, pediments, stream terraces, and valley floors the soils re- flect the complex depositional and erosional his- tory of these land forms. Soil development is usually highly correlated with age and stability of the geomorphic surface. In general the red col- or, clay content, thickness of the B horizon, and development of calcic or petrocalcic horizons increase with soil age. Many of these older soils have had continuous development of up to a million years and thus reflect the influence of previous climates and vegetation communities. Some light- textured, immature soils are underlain by the buried B horizons of older soils which have impor- tant effects on deeper rooted plants. Many soils are high in calcium carbonate, reflecting highly calcareous sediments and/or exposure of pedogenic calcium carbonate by erosion of older soils. Gypsi- ferous soils occur mainly around old lake bed deposits in New Mexico and West Texas. Saline and alkali soils occur mainly in association with marine sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Plateau or closed desert basins in Southern Arizona, Southern New Mexico and West Texas. VEGETATION TYPES Among the many well-known studies of vegeta- tion distribution and zonation in the Southwest are those of Merriam (1890) , Shreve (1915), Livingston and Shreve (1921), Shantz and Zon (1924), Whittaker and Niering (1965), Clements (1920), Whitfield and Beutner (1938), Pearson (1931), Nichol (1937), Bailey (1913), and many others. Recent vegetation maps have been published by Brown and Lowe (1977) and Donart et al (1978). Classification of commu- nities is not consistent among these authors. The Desert Types Southern Desert Shrub At l
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