. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. Figure 2. Main areas frequented by Caribou in Quebec, (a) presence per 10 km2; and southern limit of Barren-Ground (BG: solid line), Forest-Dwelling (FD: broken line) and Mountain (MO) ecotypes distribution; southern limit of Forest- Dwelling ecotype unknown in eastern Quebec (?); (b) zones of continuous distribution (90% kernels) and zones of intensive use (70% kernels) of Barren-Ground (KO: Koksoak; LG: LG-4; GR: George River), Mountain (GA: Gaspesie) and Forest-Dwelling (CH: Charlevoix; VD: Val-d'Or; LA: La Sarre; RU: Rupert; MM: Manouane- M
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. Figure 2. Main areas frequented by Caribou in Quebec, (a) presence per 10 km2; and southern limit of Barren-Ground (BG: solid line), Forest-Dwelling (FD: broken line) and Mountain (MO) ecotypes distribution; southern limit of Forest- Dwelling ecotype unknown in eastern Quebec (?); (b) zones of continuous distribution (90% kernels) and zones of intensive use (70% kernels) of Barren-Ground (KO: Koksoak; LG: LG-4; GR: George River), Mountain (GA: Gaspesie) and Forest-Dwelling (CH: Charlevoix; VD: Val-d'Or; LA: La Sarre; RU: Rupert; MM: Manouane- Manicouagan; PM: Petit Lac Manicouagan; MA: Magpie) ecotypes. Quebec population had been estimated at ~ 120 000 Caribou north ( km2) and 12 000 south ( km2) of the 52nd parallel (Brassard 1979). Subsequent surveys, usually carried out in the high concentration areas identified in 1972 and 1973, showed an expansion in the northern populations and a reduction in the southern ones. The northern Barren- Ground Caribou numbers rose from 3500 in the mid- 1950s to about 1 000 000 individuals in 1993 (Couturier et al. 1996). The southern populations, more dispersed and sometimes rather indistinct, were monitored less intensively. The Gaspesie (140-200 Caribou) and Charlevoix (100-125 Caribou) populations were the best studied, the first one due to its precarious status, and the second because it was recently reintroduced. More details on known populations are provided in Audet (1979), Courtois et al. (2001*), and de Belle- feuille(2001*). Current Distribution According to Presence Indices Information derived from sport hunting, large mam- mal surveys and chance observations show that the Caribou distribution has not changed drastically since 1972 (Figure 2a). Barren-Ground Caribou ecotype is found north of the 52nd parallel. With the exception of the Charlevoix (47° 48' N, 70° 49' W), Val-d'Or and La Sarre (48° 46' N, 79° 07' W) isolated populations, the Forest-Dwelli
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