. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. Fig. 16.—One of the peltate hairs from the surface of an olive leaf. (X 150.) case seven years. Since in both cases the ground water was out of reach of the roots and since the average yearly rainfall in Phoenix is but inches and at Palm Springs only inches, it is evident that these leaves were produced under extremely arid conditions. In fact, the conditions at Palm Springs probably represent the extreme of drought that the olive tree can endure. In both cases the varieties were not identified. For purposes of comparison, similar materia
. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. Fig. 16.—One of the peltate hairs from the surface of an olive leaf. (X 150.) case seven years. Since in both cases the ground water was out of reach of the roots and since the average yearly rainfall in Phoenix is but inches and at Palm Springs only inches, it is evident that these leaves were produced under extremely arid conditions. In fact, the conditions at Palm Springs probably represent the extreme of drought that the olive tree can endure. In both cases the varieties were not identified. For purposes of comparison, similar material of the Mission olive, the variety most widely grown in California, was obtained at Niles, Cal., where the trees are irrigated at least once during the season and where the average yearly rainfall is inches, with a low evaporation due to the cool summer climate. The leaf and stem structure of the last, which may be regarded as typical of 01 ea europea in the western United States, is as follows: On the upper (ventral) face the cuticle is smooth and thick; the lateral walls of the epidermis cells, viewed superficially, are straight and very much thickened; stomata are wanting and peltate hairs (fig. 16) are scattered over the surface. On the lower (dorsal) face the cuticle is similar; the radial walls of the epidermis cells are almost straight, but not so much thickened as on the upper face; the numerous stomata (fig. 17) are sunken, with narrow and not very deep air chambers, and are surrounded by a variable number of undifferentiated epidermis cells; peltate hairs (fig. 16) are abundant, forming a continuous covering over the blade. The outer walls of the epidermis cells (figs. 17 and 18) are very thick on both faces of the leaf and show an increase in thickening very plainly. On the dorsal face they show many deepenings caused by the irregular thickening of the cell wall (fig. 17). The inner and radial cell walls of the epidermis are rather thin as compared with the o
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