Geology . sof Mya, Astarte, Leda, and Yoldia, among many others, occur up toelevations of 200 feet or Marine fossils of post-glacial age occurup to elevations of about 600 feet above James Bay,5 and other marks 1 Peet, Jour, of Geol., Vol. XII (1904), pp. 415-469, 617-661; Salisbury, GlacialGeol. of N. J., pp. 196-200. 2 Dawson, G. M. Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. VIII (1874), p. 143; Dawson, J. WThe Canadian Ice Age, p. 201, and Am Jour. Sci., Vol. CXXV, 1883. 3 Other papers touching the Champlain are the following: Reis and Merrill, 10th AnnRept. N. Y. State Geologist, 1890; Reis, Bul
Geology . sof Mya, Astarte, Leda, and Yoldia, among many others, occur up toelevations of 200 feet or Marine fossils of post-glacial age occurup to elevations of about 600 feet above James Bay,5 and other marks 1 Peet, Jour, of Geol., Vol. XII (1904), pp. 415-469, 617-661; Salisbury, GlacialGeol. of N. J., pp. 196-200. 2 Dawson, G. M. Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. VIII (1874), p. 143; Dawson, J. WThe Canadian Ice Age, p. 201, and Am Jour. Sci., Vol. CXXV, 1883. 3 Other papers touching the Champlain are the following: Reis and Merrill, 10th AnnRept. N. Y. State Geologist, 1890; Reis, Bull. N. Y. State Mus., Vol. Ill, 1895; Bald-win, Ann. Geol, Vol. XIII, 1894; Davis, Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXV, 1891;Upham, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. Ill, 1891; Kellogg, Science, Vol. XIX, 1892; andWoodworth, Bull. 84 N. Y. State Mus. 4 Dana, Manual of Geology, 4th ed., p. 982; and Store, Jour, of Geol., Vol. I,pp. 246-254. 5 Bell. Am. Jour Sci , 4th ser., Vol. I, pp 219-228, 1896. ?101 THE PLEISTOCENE OR GLACIAL PERIOD. 405 of post-glacial submergence are reported at still greater heights inLabrador. The Loess. The term loess is used with not a little latitude, both as a text-ural and a formational name. Lithologically, loess is a variety cfsilt intermediate between the finest sand and clay. In general, it isfree from stones of all sorts, except the concretions which have beendeveloped in it since its deposition. In the exceptional cases wherestones occur in it, they are confined to its extreme basal portion. Atits base, too, it is sometimes interstratified with sand, especially whereit is thick. The composition1 of the loess is significant in that it containsangular, undecomposed particles of the commoner carbonates, calciteand dolomite, and silicates, such as the feldspars, the amphiboles,the micas, etc. Even the rarer silicates, such as epidote, apatite,tourmaline, zircon, etc., have been identified. Magnetite also is acommon, though never an abundant, co
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