. Bio-ecology. Plant ecology; Animal ecology; Botany; Ecology; Zoology. SYSTEMS OF COACTIONS 109 (Fig. 21), and similar consequences may follow infestations by other epidemic or endemic insects, notably twig borers and bark Fig. 21.—Aspens killed after three successive years of defoliation by the larvae of a noctuid moth; Pikes Peak, Colorado. (Photo by Edith Clements.) SYSTEM OF COACTIONS Since processes take the leading part in a dynamic system, the primary division is made upon this basis, as follows: (1) shelter and housing, (2) food, (3) materials, (4) reproduction, (5) social g
. Bio-ecology. Plant ecology; Animal ecology; Botany; Ecology; Zoology. SYSTEMS OF COACTIONS 109 (Fig. 21), and similar consequences may follow infestations by other epidemic or endemic insects, notably twig borers and bark Fig. 21.—Aspens killed after three successive years of defoliation by the larvae of a noctuid moth; Pikes Peak, Colorado. (Photo by Edith Clements.) SYSTEM OF COACTIONS Since processes take the leading part in a dynamic system, the primary division is made upon this basis, as follows: (1) shelter and housing, (2) food, (3) materials, (4) reproduction, (5) social group- ing, and (6) attachment. The logical subdivision of these is first with respect to-the active agent (coactor) and second with reference to the passive organism (coactee), but the difference between land and water is such as to warrant a preliminary grouping into land and water communities, those of the latter being treated incidentally in the chapters on aquatic climaxes. Among coactors, animals are first con- sidered because of their vastly larger number and importance in this. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Clements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward), 1874-1945; Shelford, Victor E. (Victor Ernest), b. 1877. New York, J. Wiley & Sons, inc. ; London, Chapman & Hall, limited
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubje, booksubjectbotany, booksubjectzoology
