. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. 498 DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN ture about 7' C), whereas along the Norwegian coasts it is chiefly found in quite shallow water, where it attains its fullest development. Asciciiella virginea and Styela loveni were fairly widely distributed. A large globular compound ascidian {Mac7'oclinumpomiun, see Fig. 350), alt
. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. 498 DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN ture about 7' C), whereas along the Norwegian coasts it is chiefly found in quite shallow water, where it attains its fullest development. Asciciiella virginea and Styela loveni were fairly widely distributed. A large globular compound ascidian {Mac7'oclinumpomiun, see Fig. 350), although very local, was at times very plentiful. The attached fauna, which, properly speaking, includes the sea-squirts, is mainly represented by three groups : sponges, hydroids, and bryozoans, the two last forming occasionally regular little forests. On the northern slope of the Dogger Bank (depth 'i^'^ metres, temperature 10° C.) there were con- siderable quantities of large bush-like colonies of two species of bryozoans (Fhtstra securi/rons, see Fig. 351, and Alcyonidium gelatinosiim\ which, ^'whFlustra foliacea, are the most character- istic of the North Sea bryo- zoans ; they vary in relative abundance, but on the Great Fisher Bank Flustra foliacea appears to be the predominant form. Small bryozoans, some- times occurring in large quan- tities, are found growing on the bigger species or on other substances. Hydroids are distributed over the whole area examined wherever the bottom is suit- able, especially where it is covered with empty shells or stones. They sometimes form " communities," but are as a rule scattered about here and there. Tuhilaria larynx is occasionally met with in enormous quantities, and there are sometimes "communities" of Tlmjaria thuja (see Fig. 352), Hydrallmannia falcata, Campamilaria longisshua, and C. verhcillata. The species of Dicoryne and Hydractinia are very often found on shells inhabited by hermit crabs.^ The hydroids in
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