A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . ach of them combined agenius for rule with a taste for science and poetry. VII. EussiA Russia; Ivan III. —Ivan III., the Great (1462-1505), lib-erated Russia from the Tartar conquerors, the Golden was a cold, calculating man Avho preferred to negotiaterather than to fight; but he inflicted savage punishments, andeven his glance caused women to faint. Moscow became aprosperous city. In it Ivan laid out the fortified enclosurestyled the Kremlin. He brought into the country German andItalian mechanics. He it was who f
A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . ach of them combined agenius for rule with a taste for science and poetry. VII. EussiA Russia; Ivan III. —Ivan III., the Great (1462-1505), lib-erated Russia from the Tartar conquerors, the Golden was a cold, calculating man Avho preferred to negotiaterather than to fight; but he inflicted savage punishments, andeven his glance caused women to faint. Moscow became aprosperous city. In it Ivan laid out the fortified enclosurestyled the Kremlin. He brought into the country German andItalian mechanics. He it was who founded the greatness ofRussia. Ivan IV. (1533-1584). — In 1553 Ivan IV., the Terrible, suc-ceeded to the throne. He first took the title of Czar. He con-quered the Tartars and made a commercial treaty with Queen RUSSIA 361 Elizabeth of England. One of his Cossack chiefs conquered Si-beria. The Czar put down aristocracy, and crushed all resist-ance to his personal rule. He laid the foundation of a standingarmy, and though he was tyrannical and cruel, he prevented. The Kremlin (Moscoiv) Russia from becoming an anarchic kingdom like Poland. TheCossacks, of whom Irmak was a noted chieftain, were fiercerobber warriors, partly Tartar and partly Russian. They werebrought into subjection by Ivan. The Czar himself mingledbrutal and sensual practices with exercises of piety. In a fit 362 EUSSIA ?«•;-. (Q H i8 few ^ ^ -tt-H ^ T-H I o -2 CO :=! l— ,Q 2 a Q ^to .hH 05 C3 ^ = 32,2-ago*. S05 ° -r; S vH T-H O ao -»— ^ ^ -2 PhQS ITALY 363 of wrath he struck his son Ivan a fatal blow, and was over-whelmed with sorrow in consequence. During the reigns ofhis immediate successors, there were internal dissensions inwhich the Poles interfered. In 1611, however, they weredriven out of the country, and Michael Romanoff (1613-1645),the founder of the present dynasty of czars,was raised to thethrone. VIII. French Invasions of Italy Motives of the Invasion. — The establishment of absolutemo
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