. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography LONG TERM BOTTOM, MIODEPTH, AND NEAR-SURFACE CURRENT MEANS - EASTWARD FLOW. (c) LONG TERM BOTTOM, MIODEPTH, AND NEAR-SURFACE CURRENT MEANS- WESTWARD FLOW CURRENT SPEED AND DIRECTION Fig. 2. Near bottom current vector time series and velocity averages. Shoreline direction represents the trend of the 5 fathom isobath between Jones and Fire Island Inlets. the observation of Charnell and Mayer (1975) who reported the existence, in the statistical sense,
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography LONG TERM BOTTOM, MIODEPTH, AND NEAR-SURFACE CURRENT MEANS - EASTWARD FLOW. (c) LONG TERM BOTTOM, MIODEPTH, AND NEAR-SURFACE CURRENT MEANS- WESTWARD FLOW CURRENT SPEED AND DIRECTION Fig. 2. Near bottom current vector time series and velocity averages. Shoreline direction represents the trend of the 5 fathom isobath between Jones and Fire Island Inlets. the observation of Charnell and Mayer (1975) who reported the existence, in the statistical sense, of a clockwise gyre in the long term mean flow within the New York Bight apex during the fall and winter of 1973. The strong westward flow (Figure 2A) occurred during the storm of December 1 - December 4, 1974, an event which was reported to have been the most damaging northeaster since the Ash Wednesday storm of 1962 (C. Galvin, Coastal Engineering Research Center, personal communica- tion). Winds from the east-northeast up to 16 m/s were recorded at John F. Kennedy Inter- national Airport during the initial 36 hrs of this period; winds from the northwest at an aver- age speed of 10 m/s followed on December 3 and 4. The second most important sustained flow during the observation period, that which began during December 16, also followed east winds. Periods of high speed winds from the west and northwest cause less intense near-bottom water movement. The asymmetry of the fluid response to easterly and westerly winds in this area has been noted by Beardsley and Butman (1974). Vertical shear in current velocities was unmasked in the data (Figures 23 and 2C) when long term velocity averages were made on data from meters grouped by position in the water column. Flow recorded by meters to 4 m from the bottom (B), 5 and 6 m from the bottom (M), and 6 to 11 m from the surface (S), were averaged separately in time over periods when flow had eastward and westward components. Water
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