Engineering and Contracting . last were concentrated by the ribs of the groinedvaulting into strains exerted at particular points, namelysomewhere in the clearstory above each pier. The fly-ing or half-arches abutting against the clearstory be-tween . each pair of windows receive these thrusts andtransmit them across and above the side-aisle roofs tothe buttresses proper. These last are masses of masonry,very deep in the direction of the thrust, i. e., transverselyto the length of the church. The fundamnetal logic of 173 the flying-buttress consists, first, in applying localizedresis
Engineering and Contracting . last were concentrated by the ribs of the groinedvaulting into strains exerted at particular points, namelysomewhere in the clearstory above each pier. The fly-ing or half-arches abutting against the clearstory be-tween . each pair of windows receive these thrusts andtransmit them across and above the side-aisle roofs tothe buttresses proper. These last are masses of masonry,very deep in the direction of the thrust, i. e., transverselyto the length of the church. The fundamnetal logic of 173 the flying-buttress consists, first, in applying localizedresistances to the localized thrusts; and, secondly, inapplying this resistance by means of the half-arch asnearly as possible at the central or critical point of oub-ward pressure of the vault. But since the engineeringscience of the French Gothic builders was empirical,not mathematical, they had to guess at the point wherethe thrust would emerge (i. e., most forcibly press out-ward), and they made many mistakes in their Flying Arches of Chartres Cathedral. Some of the early half-arches are very high, some low;some very thin and light, some very deep. As the styleadvanced, the arches were made lighter and weredoubled, one above the other, thus making sure of catch-ing the thrust between them. A NEW SECTION OF LACKAWANNA STRAIGHTWEB STEEL SHEET PILING. The S^s-in. section steel sheet pile was designed foruse where a comparatively light section is required withhigh transverse strength and minimum weight, in mediumtrench and cofferdam work. The interlocked joint formed between adjacent pilesis flexible through an arc of 18 on each side of the centerplane of the piling section. The hooks of adjacent sec-tions engage to offer the greatest resistance to longi-tudinal displacement while the guards overlap and engagethe outer surface of the hooks on the adjacent sections,thus preventing lateral displacement and co-operating toprevent longitudinal displacement. The joint can bedis
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookpublisherchicago, bookyear19
