. Culture methods for invertebrate animals;. Invertebrates -- Cultures and culture media; Invertebrates -- Collection and preservation. 464 Phylum Arthropoda which are reduced to indistinct elevations in the male. (Fig. 80.) The pupae hatch into small, brownish beetles having a mean length, according to Brindley (1930) of mm., mean width across the thorax of mm., mean male weight of mg., and mean female weight of mg. Although adult Tribolium may live two or three years it is probable that their usual life span runs from six months to a year. The time required from ovipositio
. Culture methods for invertebrate animals;. Invertebrates -- Cultures and culture media; Invertebrates -- Collection and preservation. 464 Phylum Arthropoda which are reduced to indistinct elevations in the male. (Fig. 80.) The pupae hatch into small, brownish beetles having a mean length, according to Brindley (1930) of mm., mean width across the thorax of mm., mean male weight of mg., and mean female weight of mg. Although adult Tribolium may live two or three years it is probable that their usual life span runs from six months to a year. The time required from oviposition to emergence of the imago varies with the ecological conditions. At 280 C, 75% rel- A/a/e Fema/e ative humidity and in whole wheat Fig. 80.—Terminal view of male and fe- flour> Chapman and Baird (1033) male Tribolium pupae showing sexual char- r j ,. , . , acteristics. (From the Quart. Rev. Biol., foUnd .that metamorphosis took with permission.) approximately 40 days. Tribolium lives in many types of grain and grain-like habitats. It has been reported from whole wheat flour, patent flour, patent breakfast cereals, bran, rice flour, rye flour, corn meal, barley flour, oat meal, chocolate, spices, certain nuts, and sometimes as predacious on specimens in insect collections. The re- quirements of the investigator, however, usually rule out most of these substances as suitable culture media. Here, it is necessary to have a medium which may be passed through a sieve fine enough to separate eggs, larvae, pupae, and imagos from the flour and still be nutritious enough to sustain the population. At the present moment it is impossible to state what type of medium best fulfils these requirements. Chapman, who first developed an experimental culture technique for Tribolium, has used finely ground whole wheat flour. Park has used an unbleached patent flour (Ceresota). Either may be recommended at this time. Of course, if the culturist is not interested in obtaining the smaller stage
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