. Hazard-rating systems in forest insect pest management : symposium proceedings, Athens, Georgia, July 31-August 1, 1980. Forest insects Biological control United States Congresses; Forest insects United States Analysis; Forest insects United States Management. IPM of that insect. Evidently much more information is needed before a dependable hazard-rating system will be provided with an assurance that recommended applications to reduce hazard will work. I could go on with other examples of methods which always seem to need further refinement before application will be rec- ommended. I am sorr
. Hazard-rating systems in forest insect pest management : symposium proceedings, Athens, Georgia, July 31-August 1, 1980. Forest insects Biological control United States Congresses; Forest insects United States Analysis; Forest insects United States Management. IPM of that insect. Evidently much more information is needed before a dependable hazard-rating system will be provided with an assurance that recommended applications to reduce hazard will work. I could go on with other examples of methods which always seem to need further refinement before application will be rec- ommended. I am sorry that I do not have the compendium on the gypsy moth (Luman- tria dispar) from which to quote, but there have been papers developed from the Expanded Program which illustrate a simi- lar need for further refinement. Brown et al. (1979) recommended reduction of the oak component as an obvious (their word) way to lessen defoliation and mor- tality in southern New England forests. They suggest increasing the component of white pine to enhance the value of the stands as well. This recommendation sounds familiar to all of us. Advice such as this may be refined as sites are stud- ied more carefully and modern methods of systems analysis are applied. Such hazard studies may be very helpful to the manager interested in careful planning (Herrick et al. 1979). WHAT REALLY CONTROLS OUR PEST MANAGEMENT DECISIONS? The answers to this question have little to do with the insects themselves or the activities of forest entomologists. Yes, our work is necessary; we must pro- vide information on the pests, methods for evaluating the damage they do, and procedures for reducing their overall im- pact. I well recall being told years ago that my job as a forest entomologist was to provide biological evaluations of for- est insect problems. I was told that the economic and/or social aspects of the problem were for others to worry about. We are far better off today than we were at that time; now the s
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