. The book of the garden. Gardening. PROPAGATION BY LAYERS. 353 alburnum to the leaves and buds, and de- scending in an elaborated form by the inner bark, forming in its downward progress a new layer of alburnum, shows sufficiently that even ringing does not interrupt the rising of the sap in spring, so long as the alburnum is not cut through ; yet its descent is interrupted in con- sequence of the incision made during the ope- ration of ringing, and which, although it merely cuts into the alburnum, in no way affects the inner bark. A granulous callosity is formed at the point of interruption,
. The book of the garden. Gardening. PROPAGATION BY LAYERS. 353 alburnum to the leaves and buds, and de- scending in an elaborated form by the inner bark, forming in its downward progress a new layer of alburnum, shows sufficiently that even ringing does not interrupt the rising of the sap in spring, so long as the alburnum is not cut through ; yet its descent is interrupted in con- sequence of the incision made during the ope- ration of ringing, and which, although it merely cuts into the alburnum, in no way affects the inner bark. A granulous callosity is formed at the point of interruption, from which roots will in due time protrude. In the case of some trees, if the incision in the layer does not extend half-way through, no granulous matter will be formed the first year ; but, on the other hand, if the incision is made much deeper than half the thickness of the layer, then the ascent of the sap is interrupted, and the shoot naturally dies. The manipulations of this mode of propaga- tion are exceedingly simple ; the following will explain the routine. In ordinary cases of nur- sery layering, the plant to be propagated is called the stool, and hence all nurserymen have their stool ground, in which is planted every kind of tree or shrub to be thus increased. Stools are cultivated only for the production of shoots proper for layering, hence they are cut close down to facilitate the operation. The stool occupies the centre, the young healthy wood is reserved, and the slender and unhealthy is cut out. The ground around being loosened up, shoot after shoot is gently drawn down from the stool; a notch, tongue, or other incision is made on its under side, and from 6 to 10 inches from its base the earth is opened, and the layer is fitted into the soil, of a depth according to its na- ture and strength. It is then secured in the desired position by a hooked peg, fig. 127, a single, 6 double, or by a shoot of flexible na- ture, such aswillow, which is twisted at the middle,
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1850, booksubjectgardening, bookyear18
