. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Figure 9.âGravel-tempered oven made at Crocker pottery, Bideford, in the 19th century. Borough of Bideford PubHc Library and Museum. {Photo by A. C. Littlejohns.). Figure id.âRestored gravel-tempered oven from Jamestown. Colonial National Historical Park. {National Park Service photo.) kins, etc.," in order "to harden the ware," according to Charbonnier, who also observed that "The ware generally was very badly fired. . From the frag- ments it can be seen that the firing was most unequal, parts of the body being grey in c
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Figure 9.âGravel-tempered oven made at Crocker pottery, Bideford, in the 19th century. Borough of Bideford PubHc Library and Museum. {Photo by A. C. Littlejohns.). Figure id.âRestored gravel-tempered oven from Jamestown. Colonial National Historical Park. {National Park Service photo.) kins, etc.," in order "to harden the ware," according to Charbonnier, who also observed that "The ware generally was very badly fired. . From the frag- ments it can be seen that the firing was most unequal, parts of the body being grey in colour instead of a rich red, as the well-fired portions ; He noted that the potters applied "the galena native sulphide of lead for the glaze, no doubt originally dusted on to the ware, as with the older potters ; ^^ A sherd of gravel-tempered ware is displayed in the window of Brannam's Barnstaple pottery, while a small pan from Bideford, probably of 19th-century origin, is in the Smithsonian collections (USNM 394440). The most remarkable form utilizing gravel-tempered clay is found in the baking ovens which remained a North Devon specialty for over two centuries. These ovens vary somewhat in shape, and were made in graduated sizes. Most commonly they are rectangu- lar with domed superstructures, having been molded or "draped" in sections, with their parts joined to- gether, leaving seams with either tooled or thumb- impressed reenforcements. An oven obtained in Bideford has a flat top, without visible seams (USNM 394505; fig. 6). An early example occurs in Barnstaple, where, in a recently restored inn, an oven was found installed at the side of a fireplace which is "late sixteenth cen- tury in ; Pipes and a pair of woman's shoes, all dating from the first half of the 18th century, were found in the fireplace after it had been exposed, thus indicating the period of its most recent use.^" An oven discovered intac
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