. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1998 Erdman, Brinker, Jacobs, Wilde, and Meyer: Goshawks in Wisconsin 19 5n I- LU LU > I- o < cc LLI Q- Q LU O Q LU _J LL W < I 2-. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Figure 2. Ruffed Grouse index, Snowshoe Hare index and Northern Goshawk reproductive success in northeastern Wisconsin between 1970 and 1992. gers, trout fishermen, falconers and bird watchers, as well as other interested individuals. In 1986, the Goshawk was listed as a sensitive species on NNF, requiring nest site protection. We conducted work- shops an
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1998 Erdman, Brinker, Jacobs, Wilde, and Meyer: Goshawks in Wisconsin 19 5n I- LU LU > I- o < cc LLI Q- Q LU O Q LU _J LL W < I 2-. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Figure 2. Ruffed Grouse index, Snowshoe Hare index and Northern Goshawk reproductive success in northeastern Wisconsin between 1970 and 1992. gers, trout fishermen, falconers and bird watchers, as well as other interested individuals. In 1986, the Goshawk was listed as a sensitive species on NNF, requiring nest site protection. We conducted work- shops and field training in identification of woodland raptor nests for NNF personnel. As a result of their interest and cooperation, the number of known terri- tories on NNF has since doubled. The level of effort expended to verify territory activity varied between years, but has increased each year as more known territories were identified. Beginning in March of each year, all known terri- tories were checked for activity. When territories were abandoned, we continued to search them each spring until all old nest structures disappeared or substantial habitat changes occurred; , logging or development. Time spent assessing individual territories each spring varied from as little as 15 minutes to as much as 12 person-days per site, depending upon activity. Typically, one researcher would examine the nest with binoculars from sever- al vantage points to ascertain status. If an adult was not present at the previous season's nest or known alternate sites, an extensive search was conducted for a new nest. The small number of nesting territo- ries allowed time for repeated thorough ground searches of surrounding habitat for a new nest up to a 1-km radius from the original nest location. This distance exceeds the greatest separation that we observed between any pairing of alternate nests within a territory. To prevent desertion during incubation we did not climb nest trees and we have be
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