. Cassier's magazine . vessel, hence reducing the breadth ofthe moving surface, or in other wordscurtailing the lateral movement ofthe fluid is tantamount .to minimizingthis upsetting tendency. This perhaps may be more clearlyshown by considering Fig. 8, in whichw is the weight of the contained fluidand b its centre of gravity; W is theweight and G1 the centre of gravityof the vessel, less the contained the vessel becomes inclined toan angle 6 so that b is now shifted tobt, it will be seen that the movementof w might be such that b± is situatedto the right of Blf the centre of buoy-an
. Cassier's magazine . vessel, hence reducing the breadth ofthe moving surface, or in other wordscurtailing the lateral movement ofthe fluid is tantamount .to minimizingthis upsetting tendency. This perhaps may be more clearlyshown by considering Fig. 8, in whichw is the weight of the contained fluidand b its centre of gravity; W is theweight and G1 the centre of gravityof the vessel, less the contained the vessel becomes inclined toan angle 6 so that b is now shifted tobt, it will be seen that the movementof w might be such that b± is situatedto the right of Blf the centre of buoy-ancy of the vessel, and in conse-quence will set up a moment relativeto Bl5 tending to upset the vessel. It is on this account that we gener-allv find in double bottom tanks, util-. EXPANSION TRUNK FIG. 8. MOVEMENT OF FLUID CARGO ised for the carrying of water ballast,a middle line watertight division sothat the breadth of free water sur-face is at once reduced by 50 percent,and the lateral movement of the freefluid is curtailed, the longitudinalsbetween the middle line and the tanksides, though not usually watertight,further split up the free surface andconfine—even temporarily—the waterwithin still narrower lateral limits. The same principle is carried outin vessels designed for carrying oilin bulk. An expansion trunk A—Fig. 9—surmounts the compartmentand serves the dual purpose of allow-ing the fluid to expand with increaseof temperature, and also limiting thefreedom of lateral movement of thefluid surface. THE REDUCTION OF POWER LOSSES By Karl W. Knorr EVERY factory owner or man-ager wants to manufacture hisoutput with the least possiblecost, while at the same time keepingthe product up to the proper stand-ard of quality and workmanship. Inorder to do
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