. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ect to pack-ing ring leakage and friction? A.—Yes. they must be given the samecareful tests before being placed in service. 895. Q.—Is the L valve ever used toreplace the P valves without using the LNbrake equipment? 896. Q.—In this case the high speed re-ducing valve is sometimes left on the car? A.—WTien it is, the safety valve of thetriple valve is generally removed and aplug inserted in the safety valve passage.(To be corttiniud) September. 1919 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ect to pack-ing ring leakage and friction? A.—Yes. they must be given the samecareful tests before being placed in service. 895. Q.—Is the L valve ever used toreplace the P valves without using the LNbrake equipment? 896. Q.—In this case the high speed re-ducing valve is sometimes left on the car? A.—WTien it is, the safety valve of thetriple valve is generally removed and aplug inserted in the safety valve passage.(To be corttiniud) September. 1919 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING 279 Electrical Department The Flashing of Electric Motors—The Cause, and Elimination of Such Failures One of the common failures of railwaymotors is flashing. While the design ofrailway motors has advanced rapidly dur-ing the past few years and the troublesdue to flashing has been practically elimi-nated by the introduction of interpoles,still flashing can and does occur due tosome good reason other than are many factors which may causethe flashing and these will be taken up. MOTOR BRUSH HOLDER. one by one and an explanation given asto the reason for and the elimination ofthe cause. I Ushing is commonly known as buck-ind is primarily caused by poor com-,ion, which results in a suddenIreakdown of the insulation over the faceof the commutator from the brushholderto the motor frame or ground. There isa sudden rush of heavy current whichshould cause the circuit breaker to times the breaker is slow in open-ing and the current or flash hangs on asan arc, badly burning the motor parts. The results from flashing are motor may be so badly damaged thatit is inoperative, and it will be necessaryto take the whole motor apart and over-haul; the armature windings must be re-paired, the commutator cleaned where ithas been burned and blackened, the wir-ing put into good condition, generally byreplacing by new wire, and the brush-holders repai
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