. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. Birds. alboniger. leucopyga Figure 3. Tail pattern in adults of species of wheatear which may be closely-related to Oenanthe pbillipsi. Cf. Fig. 1. All tails are of freshly-moulted birds. O. monacha and O. leucopyga often show less black than illustrated here, but the tails shown demonstrate the shape of the black areas when present. crown, nape, back and scapulars grey tinged with brown*; sides of neck, ear- coverts, lores, chin, throat and breast black, mottled or scalloped to a variable extent with grey*; rump and upper tail-coverts white; tai
. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. Birds. alboniger. leucopyga Figure 3. Tail pattern in adults of species of wheatear which may be closely-related to Oenanthe pbillipsi. Cf. Fig. 1. All tails are of freshly-moulted birds. O. monacha and O. leucopyga often show less black than illustrated here, but the tails shown demonstrate the shape of the black areas when present. crown, nape, back and scapulars grey tinged with brown*; sides of neck, ear- coverts, lores, chin, throat and breast black, mottled or scalloped to a variable extent with grey*; rump and upper tail-coverts white; tail as juvenile*; belly and under tail-coverts white; primaries as juvenile although losing buff tip*; secondaries and tertials as adult but buff tips broader*; greater primary-coverts brown, with narrow cream edgings progressively lost through wear*; other wing-coverts pale grey; underwing as adult; bill black but lower mandible often basally horn*. The feathers of the upperparts have lost the juvenile brown through wear and partial moult, becoming grey. However the grey is tinged brown, unlike the pure colour of the adult feathers (noted as a 'female' characteristic by Hall & Moreau 1970). Likewise, the feathers of the face, throat and breast have lost their brown tips, revealing mottled grey and black. These feathers are grey to a variable extent: in a few individuals, the face, throat and breast can be almost black following the post-juvenile moult, although some scalloping always remains, while at the other extreme, these areas can look almost wholly grey. However, it is to be noted that some adults may have a little fine white scalloping on the lower breast, near the white belly, but this is evident in fresh dress only and has a different appearance from the more generally-distributed grey mottling of immature birds. The bill changes progressively to the adult colour. It is noticeably horn at the lower mandible's base in 13 of 15 (87%) first-winter birds and 9 of 22 (41
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1893
