. Civic biology; textbook of problems, local and national, that can be solved only by civic coöperation. Biology. HIRDS A pair of house uicns werr ohscivi'd to Iced tlicir w>{ ol' tivi* yoiiii;,' five days old — 2W insects, most of tlieiii lurq;e cal)!)!!!!:*' ratillars; time, to 7.^}8 A pair of orchard oriides, from 4.:{() to ( , wen- ohsrrvcd to feed the nest, containing;- two nearly t'iill-lh*d,t>('d '»•' tinn-s, prohahly several insects at a feeding. .V [lair (»f jtlioebes, from (1 \ 'J I'. fed two young 'J«i'i times. A vonng ])h(el&


. Civic biology; textbook of problems, local and national, that can be solved only by civic coöperation. Biology. HIRDS A pair of house uicns werr ohscivi'd to Iced tlicir w>{ ol' tivi* yoiiii;,' five days old — 2W insects, most of tlieiii lurq;e cal)!)!!!!:*' ratillars; time, to 7.^}8 A pair of orchard oriides, from 4.:{() to ( , wen- ohsrrvcd to feed the nest, containing;- two nearly t'iill-lh*d,t>('d '»•' tinn-s, prohahly several insects at a feeding. .V [lair (»f jtlioebes, from (1 \ 'J I'. fed two young 'J«i'i times. A vonng ])h(el>e just out of tin- m-st rfi|iiin'd as liigli as '2i^*^ good-sized grasshoi)i)ers \h'v day.' A vonng rohin ahont three weeks ohl ate 7'> large cutworms on on«- day, and two and a half ounces of earthworms the next. A y cal)bage cat- erpillars. On the twentieth day the same bird consumed ()2 woolly cat- erpillars^ 12:} cabbagecater- ^,^^ ,^^ Bobwliite chick tliree weeks old. Usual occupation l>iliars,and4:} ^, , , ., ., ^ , Photdiiraph l»v the author grasshoppers, amountinu- to tiiree ounces of food. An adult cuckoo ate 22.') cal»ltage caterpillars, or ;)() large woolly caterpillars, amounting to about five ounces of food daily. (From feeding t»\sts by Andrew .1. ricjinou.) From sucli actual data as these we learn that the estimates given above are conservative. Much more accurate ..bservation is rcpiired. however, before entirely reliable estiuuites can be made. Outdoor laboratory work. '1 bis siiouhl extt'iid tbr«)iiui the year, and also to coiiibhR' i)i(>l)li'ins irciuirini;- conlimums lAll the above data are taken from reports of students of the huliana University Summer School, Winona Lake, Indiana, for ; and l'.>0«5 (O. P. Dcllingcr in charge of ).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may


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