. The Bee-keepers' review. Bee culture. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ly all bacteria has been very carefully worked out. Bacillus alvei seems to be closely re- lated to the colon group; and among that group he will find none that stand any such temperature as Prof. Harrison re- ports. This is a sort of negative proof that there has been some mistake made somewhere. My experiments, which were made un- der the eye of Dr. Moore, of Cornell, formerh' of the United States Department of Animal Pathology, and one of the world's best authorities upon the colon group, show, as I said at Philadelphia, that
. The Bee-keepers' review. Bee culture. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ly all bacteria has been very carefully worked out. Bacillus alvei seems to be closely re- lated to the colon group; and among that group he will find none that stand any such temperature as Prof. Harrison re- ports. This is a sort of negative proof that there has been some mistake made somewhere. My experiments, which were made un- der the eye of Dr. Moore, of Cornell, formerh' of the United States Department of Animal Pathology, and one of the world's best authorities upon the colon group, show, as I said at Philadelphia, that between ten and fifteen minutes of actual boiling kills the spores as well as the vegetation stage of Bacilhis alvei. I also found that a temperature of 150°, F., for several hours, would kill them. This will explain why the honey from the solar extractor did not infect the bees. It is also well known that bacteria sub- jected for a long time to a temperature above the normal, for that species, lose their virulence. This, however, may be restored by passing through a succession of susceptible animals. So Mr. Taylor may find that, even after a long time, liis colony may come down with foul l)rood; providing the temperature was not quite high enough to destroy the germs. B)' making a bacteriological examina- tion of the dead brood he mentions, he could determine the point. I do not think, however, that he would find any foul brood; for sunlight is al- most surely fatal to all bacteria that do not normally live in it. It seems to me that if the writers on foul brood would read the chapters upon the thermal death point of bacteria, in any good text book, there would be much less controversy upon the subject. Fr.\NCISC() dk PAUr<A, Cuba, Oct. 21, 1899. BEES IX CLAMPS. How t" Manage the Swarmint; Feaiiire. Usinft Drone-Comb for Oiieen-Cell- Cups. O. J. URIEXD H., To ^ your descrip- tion of my clamp method of bee- keeping, I might add a little in re- gard
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