. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. Fig. 27. The digestive apparatus of a common fowl. 1, tongue; 2. esophagus, first part; 3, crop; 4, esophagus, second part; 5. succentrie ventricle; 6, gizzard: 7, origin of duodenum; 8, second blanch of duodenal flexure; 9, origin of floating part of small intestine; 10, small intestine: 11, caeca: 12, insertion of ca?ca; 13, rectum; 14, cloaca; 15, pancreas; 16, liver; 17, gall-bladder; 18, spleen. denum. Villi for absorption are numerous. Fowls have two club-shaped ceeca six to eighteen inches long ; they secrete a macerating
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. Fig. 27. The digestive apparatus of a common fowl. 1, tongue; 2. esophagus, first part; 3, crop; 4, esophagus, second part; 5. succentrie ventricle; 6, gizzard: 7, origin of duodenum; 8, second blanch of duodenal flexure; 9, origin of floating part of small intestine; 10, small intestine: 11, caeca: 12, insertion of ca?ca; 13, rectum; 14, cloaca; 15, pancreas; 16, liver; 17, gall-bladder; 18, spleen. denum. Villi for absorption are numerous. Fowls have two club-shaped ceeca six to eighteen inches long ; they secrete a macerating fluid. The rectum terminates inside of the anal opening in a cavity called the cloaca, a dilated receptacle for the feces, the urine, the egg from the oviduct and the semen. The cloaca also lodges the penis. Circulation of the blood. The circulation of the blood in fowls offers few practical differences when compared with other domestic species. The blood is characteristic in that the red blood cell is bi-convex, neucleated and oval instead of round. The temperature of the blood is much higher than in mammals, being 41° to 42° C, and even 44° C. in health. For this reason poultry are immune to certain diseases, as anthrax, whereas, when surrounded by a cold chamber or swimming in cold water so as to lower the tem- perature, such immunity ceases. Respiration. The disposition of the respiratory organs shows some marked peculiarities. The last ring of the windpipe is disposed to resemble a second larynx, which in song-birds is the source of vocal sounds. The lungs are small, fastened to each side of the backbone, and only partly fill the chest. A modi- fied diaphragm is present. Most remarkable is the air-reservoir or air-sac system in the avian species. The large air-sacs are situated between the backbone and the organs in the thorax and abdomen. They are connected with the lungs through the bronchial tubes. Peripherally they are continued by means of membranous tubes into a s
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Keywords: ., bookauthorbaileylh, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookyear1922
