An American history . y John Fitch on the Delaware in 1786, and by James Ramsay onthe Potomac in 1787. These and other inventions soon worked great changesin American life. ^ The first wagon track into the Far West was the Wilderness Road toKentucky, opened in 1795. * The census of 1790 showed 3,160,000 whites; 80,000 Indians; 60,000 freenegroes; 700,000 slaves. Practically all the whites were of English descent,excepting 200,000 Scotch-Irish, some Germans, a few Dutch, and French. ^The chief cities in 1790 were Philadelphia, 42,000; New York, 33,000;Boston, 18,000; Charleston, 16,000; Baltimo
An American history . y John Fitch on the Delaware in 1786, and by James Ramsay onthe Potomac in 1787. These and other inventions soon worked great changesin American life. ^ The first wagon track into the Far West was the Wilderness Road toKentucky, opened in 1795. * The census of 1790 showed 3,160,000 whites; 80,000 Indians; 60,000 freenegroes; 700,000 slaves. Practically all the whites were of English descent,excepting 200,000 Scotch-Irish, some Germans, a few Dutch, and French. ^The chief cities in 1790 were Philadelphia, 42,000; New York, 33,000;Boston, 18,000; Charleston, 16,000; Baltimore, 14,000. 241 242 AMERICAN HISTORY 345. Merchant Princes. The great figures in socialhfe were the merchant and the landowner. A noted specimenof the former was John Hancock of Boston. His statelyhouse was surrounded by gardens and included a ballroomsLxty feet long. The furniture and wall decorations hadbeen brought from England; there were quantities of silverengraved with the Hancock arms; the owner drove about in. ::^JF:^;:. ^r^^^m^jiM-- WASHIXGTONS HOME, MOUNT VERNON a stately chariot, or family carriage. He was very muchof a dandy and delighted in suits of crimson velvet with whitesilk embroidered waitcoasts. This great personage had shipson every sea, traded with many countries, and did a largebanking business both at home and abroad. 346. The Great Estates. However, with all his wealthHancock owned very little land. In the North, land was not,as a rule, a good investment. ^ In sharp contrast the * An exception to this was New York. There the descendants of the patroonistill found it profitable to own great estates along the Hudson. THE UNITED STATES IN 1789 243 best investment in the South was land. From Marylandsouthward all the prosperous men owned great country houses and the contents of them were not unlikethe great houses in Boston, but the Ufe lived in them was quitedifferent. The owner spent much of his time on horseback,sometimes riding about to v
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