. A description and history of vegetable substances, used in the arts, and in domestic economy . t break through the Hindoo prejudice against them. THE WILLOW, ETC. 131 Evelpi, in his Sylva, fears that the progress of ouriron manufacture would lead to the destruction of allour timber, in the preparation of charcoal for fur-naces. He did not foresee that we should find asubstitute, by charring pit-coal into coke. In 1788,there were eighty-six iron furnaces in England, ofwhich twenty-six were heated by charcoal of wood; in1826, there were three hundred and five, all servedby coke. Good charcoal
. A description and history of vegetable substances, used in the arts, and in domestic economy . t break through the Hindoo prejudice against them. THE WILLOW, ETC. 131 Evelpi, in his Sylva, fears that the progress of ouriron manufacture would lead to the destruction of allour timber, in the preparation of charcoal for fur-naces. He did not foresee that we should find asubstitute, by charring pit-coal into coke. In 1788,there were eighty-six iron furnaces in England, ofwhich twenty-six were heated by charcoal of wood; in1826, there were three hundred and five, all servedby coke. Good charcoal is also made from Dog fVood (Cor-vus saiigiii/iea), which is, however, a tree, or rathera shrub, very ditferent from the willow in its appear-ance and habits. The Dogwood is firm and compact;grows i\uturally in hedges upon chalky soils, and bearsberries that have a purple juice, out of which a redcolouring matter of considerable brightness may beextracted. It is very common in Kent and Sussex;and as there are many powder-mills there, coppicesof it are reared for supplying them with Hazel—Corylus avellana. Another shrub which is applied to the same uses asthe willow, namely, making baskets and hoops, butchiefly the latter, is the Hazel {Corylus avellana). Of 132 VEGETABLE that there are several varieties, the principal of whichare the common hazel, and the filbert. The first is anative of every part of Britain, the shells of the nutsbeing found in the bogs even in the coldest filbert, again, is supposed to be a native of Asia—to have been imported first into Italy, and thence to therest of Europe. The filbert grows more upright, ismore tree-like, and bears larger and better flavourednuts than the hazel; but the wood of the hazel is thetougher, and the better adapted for hoops, thoughboth make excellent charcoal. There is an Americanspecies ; and there is also one growing in the vicinityof Constantinople, which bears a nut nearly doublethe si
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